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Dynamic sea surface topography, gravity, and
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Part II: The subtropical gyre and meridional heat
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Marshall, D., 1997: Subduction of water masses in
an eddying ocean. J. Mar. Res. 55, 201–222. [5.3]
Marshall, D. and J. Marshall, 1995: On the thermodynamics of subduction. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
138–151. [5.3]
Marshall, J. C. and A. J . G. Nurser, 1992: Fluid
dynamics of oceanic thermocline ventilation.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 22, 583–595. [5.3]
Marshall, J. and F. Schott, 1999: Open-ocean convection: observations, theory and models. Rev.
Geophys. 37, 1–64. [1.2, 5.5, 5.7]
Marshall, J. and G. Shutts, 1981: A note on rotational and divergent eddy fluxes. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 11, 1677–1680. [4.6]
Marshall, J. C., A. J. G. Nurser and R. G. Williams,
1993a: Inferring the subduction rate and period
over the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23,
1315–1329. [5.3, 5.4]
Marshall, J., D. Olbers, H. Ross and D. WolfGladrow, 1993b: Potential vorticity constraints on
the dynamics and hydrography in the Southern
Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 465–487. [4.6]
Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman and
C. Heisey, 1997a: A finite-volume, incompressible
Navier–Stokes model for studies of the ocean on
parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5753–
5766. [7.1]
Marshall, J., C. Hill, L. Perelman and A. Adcroft,
1997b: Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling. J. Geophys. Res. 102,
5733–5752. [7.1, 7.2]
Marshall, J., D. Jamous and J. Nilsson, 1999:
Reconciling thermodynamic and dynamic methods of computation of water-mass transformation rates. Deep-Sea Res. 46, 545–572. [5.1,
5.2, 5.3]
Martel, F. and C. Wunsch, 1993a: The North
Atlantic circulation in the early 1980s – an estimate from inversion of a finite difference model. J.
Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 898–924. [3.3, 6.3]
Martel, F. and C. Wunsch, 1993b: Combined
inversion of hydrography, current meter data
and altimetric elevations for the North Atlantic
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645
1069–1079. [7.1, 7.3]
Mantyla, A. W., 1980: Electrical conductivity comparisons of standard seawater batches P29 to P84.
Deep-Sea Res. 27, 837–846. [3.1]
Mantyla, A. W., 1994: The treatment of inconsistencies in Atlantic deep water salinity data. Deep-Sea
Res. 41, 1387–1405. [7.3]
Mantyla, A. W. and J. L. Reid, 1995: On the origins
of deep and bottom waters of the Indian Ocean.
J. Geophys. Res. 100, 2417–2439. [4.6]
Markham, C. G and D. R. McLain, 1977: Sea surface
temperature related to rain in Ceara, north-eastern
Brazil. Nature 265, 320–323. [1.2]
Marotzke, J., 1997: Boundary mixing and the
dynamics of three-dimensional thermohaline circulations. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 1713–1728.
[2.3, 4.2]
Marotzke, J. and P. H. Stone, 1995: Atmospheric
transports, the thermohaline circulation and flux
adjustments in a simple coupled model. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 25, 1350–1364. [2.3]
Marotzke, J. and J. Willebrand, 1991: Multiple equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 21, 1372–1385. [2.1]
Marotzke, J. and C. Wunsch, 1993: Finding the
steady state of a general circulation model through
data assimilation: Application to the North
Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 20149–
20167. [6.1]
Marotzke, J. and J. Willebrand, 1996: The North
Atlantic mean circulation: combining data and
dynamics. In: The Warmwatersphere of the North
Atlantic Ocean, W. Krauss, ed. 55–90. [7.1]
Marotzke, J., R. Giering, Q. K. Zhang, D. Stammer,
C. N. Hill and T. Lee, 1999: Construction of the
adjoint MIT ocean general circulation model and
application to Atlantic heat transport sensitivity.
J. Geophys. Res. 104, 29529–29548. [7.1]
Marsh, J. G., C. J. Koblinsky, F. Lerch et al., 1990:
Dynamic sea surface topography, gravity, and
improved orbit accuracies from the direct evaluation of Seasat altimeter data. J. Geophys. Res. 95,
13129–13150. [3.3]
Marsh, R., 2000: Recent variability of the North
Atlantic thermohaline circulation inferred from
surface heat and freshwater fluxes. J. Climate 13,
3239–3260. [5.1]
Marsh, R. and A. L. New, 1996: Modeling 18° water
variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26, 1059–1080.
[5.4]
Marsh, R., M. J. Roberts, R. A. Woods and A. L.
New, 1996: An intercomparison of a Bryan-Coxtype ocean model and an isopycnic ocean model.
Part II: The subtropical gyre and meridional heat
transport. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26, 1528– 1551.
[2.2]
Marsh, R., A. J . G. Nurser, A. P. Megann and A. L.
New, 2000: Water mass transformation in the
Southern Ocean of a global isopycnal coordinate
GCM. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 1013–1045. [4.7]
Marshall, D., 1995a: Influence of topography on the
large-scale ocean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
25, 1622–1635. [4.6]
Marshall, D., 1995b: Topographic steering of the
Antarctic Circumpolar Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr.
25, 1636–1650. [4.6]
Marshall, D., 1997: Subduction of water masses in
an eddying ocean. J. Mar. Res. 55, 201–222. [5.3]
Marshall, D. and J. Marshall, 1995: On the thermodynamics of subduction. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 25,
138–151. [5.3]
Marshall, J. C. and A. J . G. Nurser, 1992: Fluid
dynamics of oceanic thermocline ventilation.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 22, 583–595. [5.3]
Marshall, J. and F. Schott, 1999: Open-ocean convection: observations, theory and models. Rev.
Geophys. 37, 1–64. [1.2, 5.5, 5.7]
Marshall, J. and G. Shutts, 1981: A note on rotational and divergent eddy fluxes. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 11, 1677–1680. [4.6]
Marshall, J. C., A. J. G. Nurser and R. G. Williams,
1993a: Inferring the subduction rate and period
over the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23,
1315–1329. [5.3, 5.4]
Marshall, J., D. Olbers, H. Ross and D. WolfGladrow, 1993b: Potential vorticity constraints on
the dynamics and hydrography in the Southern
Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 465–487. [4.6]
Marshall, J., A. Adcroft, C. Hill, L. Perelman and
C. Heisey, 1997a: A finite-volume, incompressible
Navier–Stokes model for studies of the ocean on
parallel computers. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5753–
5766. [7.1]
Marshall, J., C. Hill, L. Perelman and A. Adcroft,
1997b: Hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic ocean modeling. J. Geophys. Res. 102,
5733–5752. [7.1, 7.2]
Marshall, J., D. Jamous and J. Nilsson, 1999:
Reconciling thermodynamic and dynamic methods of computation of water-mass transformation rates. Deep-Sea Res. 46, 545–572. [5.1,
5.2, 5.3]
Martel, F. and C. Wunsch, 1993a: The North
Atlantic circulation in the early 1980s – an estimate from inversion of a finite difference model. J.
Phys. Oceanogr. 23, 898–924. [3.3, 6.3]
Martel, F. and C. Wunsch, 1993b: Combined
inversion of hydrography, current meter data
and altimetric elevations for the North Atlantic
REFERENCES
645