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US Navy Hydrographic Office Pub. No. 9, US
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Bower, A. S. and T. Rossby, 1989: Evidence of crossfrontal exchange processes in the Gulf Stream
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Bower, A. S., L. Armi and I. Ambar, 1997: Lagrangian
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Bower, A. S., P. L. Richardson, H. D. Hunt et al.,
2000: Warm-water pathways in the subpolar
North Atlantic: An overview of the ACCE RAFOS
float programme. International WOCE Newsletter, No. 38, 14–16, WOCE International Project
Office (unpublished document). [3.2]
Bower, A. S. and H. D. Hunt, 2000a: Lagrangian
observations of the deep western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean. Part 1: Largescale pathways and spreading rates. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 30, 764–783. [3.2]
Bower, A. S. and H. D. Hunt, 2000b: Lagrangian
observations of the deep western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean. Part 2: the Gulf
Stream–deep western boundary current crossover.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 784–804. [3.2]
Boyd, P. W., A. Watson, C. S. Law et al., 2000:
Phytoplankton bloom upon mesoscale iron fertilisation of polar Southern Ocean waters. Nature (in
press). [1.2]
Boyer, D. L., Chen, R.-R. and L. Tao, 1993: Physical
model of bathymetric effects on the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current. J. Geophys. Res. 98,
2587–2608. [4.6]
Boyle, E. A., 1990: Quaternary deepwater paleoceanography. Science 249, 863–870. [2.1]
Boyum, G., 1963: Hydrology and currents in
the area west of Gibraltar. Results from the
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608
G. Danabasoglu and J. C. McWilliams, 1995: An
overlooked problem in model simulations of the
thermohaline circulation and heat transport in the
Atlantic Ocean. J. Climate 8, 515–523. [2.3]
Böning, C. W., F. O. Bryan, W. R. Holland and
R. Döscher, 1996: Deep-water formation and
meridional overturning in a high-resolution model
of the North Atlantic. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 26,
1142–1164. [2.2, 6.1, 7.1]
Böning, C. W., C. Dieterich, B. Barnier and Y. Jia,
2000: Seasonal cycle of meridional heat transport
in the subtropical North Atlantic: Intercomparison
of the DYNAMO models and observations near
25° N. Prog. Oceanogr. (in press). [2.2]
Borenäs, K. M. and P. A. Lundberg, 1988: On the
Deep-water flow through the Faroe Bank
Channel. J. Geophys. Res. 93, 1281–1292. [5.6]
Bormans, M., C. Garrett and K. Thompson, 1986:
Seasonal variability of the surface inflow through
the Strait of Gibraltar. Oceanol. Acta 9, 403–414.
[5.7]
Born, G. H., J. A. Dunne and D. B. Lame, 1979:
SEASAT mission overview. Science 204, 1405–
1406. [2.1]
Born, G. H., B. D. Tapley, J. C. Ries and R. H. Stewart,
1986: Accurate measurement of mean sea level
changes by altimetric satellites. J. Geophys. Res. 91,
11775–11782. [3.3]
Bottomley, M., C. K. Folland, J. Hsiung, R. E. Newell
and D. E. Parker, 1990: Global Ocean Surface
Temperature Atlas GOSTA Series. Meteorological
Office, Bracknell, UK, 333 pp. [7.3]
Boulanger, J.-P. and L.-L. Fu, 1996: Evidence of
boundary reflection of Kelvin wave and first-mode
Rossby waves from TOPEX/POSEIDON sea level
data. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 16361–16371. [3.3]
Boulanger, J.-P. and C. Menkes, 1999: Long equatorial wave reflection in the Pacific Ocean from
TOPEX/POSEIDON data during the 1992–1998
period. Climate Dyn. 15, 205–225. [3.3]
Bourassa, M. A., L. M. H. Freilich, D. M. Legler,
W.T. Liu and J. J. O’Brien, 1997: Wind observations from new satellite and research vessels agree.
Eos Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 78, 597 and
602. [3.4]
Bourke, R. H., R. A. Paquette, R. F. Blythe and
M. D. Stone, 1993: On the deep and bottom waters
of the Greenland Sea from summer 1989 and 1990
data. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 4629–4638. [7.3]
Bourlès, B., R. L. Molinari, E. Johns, W. D. Wilson
and K. D. Leaman, 1999a: A synoptic study of the
upper layer circulation in the western tropical
North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 1361–1376.
[4.3]
Bourlès, B., Y. Gouriou and R. Chuchla, 1999b: On
the circulation in the upper layer of the western
equatorial Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 21151–
21170. [4.3]
Bourras, D. and L. Eymard, 1988: Direct retrieval of
the surface latent heat flux from satellite data:
comparison to Liu et al. (1984) method on data
of the SEMAPHORE Experiment. 9th Conf. on
Satellite Meteorol. and Oceanogr., 1, 278–282.
[3.4]
Boville, B. A. and P. R. Gent, 1998: The NCAR
Climate System Model, version one. J. Climate 11,
1115–1130. [2.3, 6.1]
Bowden, K., 1954: The direct measurement of subsurface currents in the ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 2,
33–47. [3.2]
Bowditch, N. V., 1966: American Practical Navigator.
US Navy Hydrographic Office Pub. No. 9, US
Naval Oceanographic Office. [4.1]
Bower, A. S. and T. Rossby, 1989: Evidence of crossfrontal exchange processes in the Gulf Stream
based on isopycnal RAFOS float data. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 19, 1177–1190. [3.2]
Bower, A. S., L. Armi and I. Ambar, 1997: Lagrangian
observations of Meddy formation during a
Mediterranean undercurrent seeding experiment.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 27, 2545–2575. [3.2, 5.7]
Bower, A. S., P. L. Richardson, H. D. Hunt et al.,
2000: Warm-water pathways in the subpolar
North Atlantic: An overview of the ACCE RAFOS
float programme. International WOCE Newsletter, No. 38, 14–16, WOCE International Project
Office (unpublished document). [3.2]
Bower, A. S. and H. D. Hunt, 2000a: Lagrangian
observations of the deep western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean. Part 1: Largescale pathways and spreading rates. J. Phys.
Oceanogr. 30, 764–783. [3.2]
Bower, A. S. and H. D. Hunt, 2000b: Lagrangian
observations of the deep western boundary current in the North Atlantic Ocean. Part 2: the Gulf
Stream–deep western boundary current crossover.
J. Phys. Oceanogr. 30, 784–804. [3.2]
Boyd, P. W., A. Watson, C. S. Law et al., 2000:
Phytoplankton bloom upon mesoscale iron fertilisation of polar Southern Ocean waters. Nature (in
press). [1.2]
Boyer, D. L., Chen, R.-R. and L. Tao, 1993: Physical
model of bathymetric effects on the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current. J. Geophys. Res. 98,
2587–2608. [4.6]
Boyle, E. A., 1990: Quaternary deepwater paleoceanography. Science 249, 863–870. [2.1]
Boyum, G., 1963: Hydrology and currents in
the area west of Gibraltar. Results from the
REFERENCES
608