Marine lipids
Lipid class and fatty acid compositions
of toxic Gymnodinium and Heterosigma
strains: haemolytic and signature
compounds
Guy Bodennec
(1) , Patrick Gentien
(1) , Christopher C. Parrish
(2) ,
Marie-Pierre Crassous (1)
(1) Ifremer Brest, Del/ec, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France - gbodenn@ifremer.fr
(2) Memorial University of Newfoundland, Ocean Sciences Centre, Department of Chemistry,
St. John’s, Newfounland, A1C 5S7, Canada
Abstract
Lipid class and fatty acid distributions of harmful flagellate Gymnodinium and Heterosigma strains grown under the same batch culture conditions are reported. The main purpose of these determinations was to
identify biomarker compounds useful in screening contaminated water
and shellfish samples in the occurrence of toxic blooms. Lipid class
analysis was carried out using the Chromarod-Iatroscan TLC/FID system
in conjunction with silica gel chromatography (SepPak cartridge)
focused on the separation of the glycolipid components MGDG, DGDG,
SQDG. The TLC/FID chromatograms of the glycolipid fraction appeared
as a fingerprint of each algal species, in particular through the comparison of MGDG/DGDG ratios. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
profile of these haemolytic galactolipids indicated marked differences
between Gymnodiniurn mikimotoi and Gymnodinium corii strains. Octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5 (n-3) was the main fatty acid in both species
but was preferentially located in MGDG from G. corii. This PUFA was
less represented in Heterosigma akashiwo. When taken in ratio with
other homologous PUFAs, 18:5 (n-3) could be used as signature index of
these potentially noxious algal species, with the proviso that culture
conditions may also affect PUFA composition.
Résumé
La composition en lipides et en acides gras de souches toxiques Gymnodinium et Heterosigma cultivées dans les mêmes conditions a été déterminée pour identifier des marqueurs acides gras et glycolipides susceptibles d’être utilisés dans un suivi de la contamination de l’eau et
des coquillages après une prolifération de ces flagellés. L’analyse en
classes chimiques a été effectuée par chromatographie Iatroscan CCM/FID
en parallèle avec une séparation sur silice (cartouche SepPak) dans des
conditions d’élution favorisant la séparation des glycolipides MGDG,
66
Lipid class and fatty acid compositions
of toxic Gymnodinium and Heterosigma
strains: haemolytic and signature
compounds
Guy Bodennec
(1) , Patrick Gentien
(1) , Christopher C. Parrish
(2) ,
Marie-Pierre Crassous (1)
(1) Ifremer Brest, Del/ec, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France - gbodenn@ifremer.fr
(2) Memorial University of Newfoundland, Ocean Sciences Centre, Department of Chemistry,
St. John’s, Newfounland, A1C 5S7, Canada
Abstract
Lipid class and fatty acid distributions of harmful flagellate Gymnodinium and Heterosigma strains grown under the same batch culture conditions are reported. The main purpose of these determinations was to
identify biomarker compounds useful in screening contaminated water
and shellfish samples in the occurrence of toxic blooms. Lipid class
analysis was carried out using the Chromarod-Iatroscan TLC/FID system
in conjunction with silica gel chromatography (SepPak cartridge)
focused on the separation of the glycolipid components MGDG, DGDG,
SQDG. The TLC/FID chromatograms of the glycolipid fraction appeared
as a fingerprint of each algal species, in particular through the comparison of MGDG/DGDG ratios. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
profile of these haemolytic galactolipids indicated marked differences
between Gymnodiniurn mikimotoi and Gymnodinium corii strains. Octadecapentaenoic acid (18:5 (n-3) was the main fatty acid in both species
but was preferentially located in MGDG from G. corii. This PUFA was
less represented in Heterosigma akashiwo. When taken in ratio with
other homologous PUFAs, 18:5 (n-3) could be used as signature index of
these potentially noxious algal species, with the proviso that culture
conditions may also affect PUFA composition.
Résumé
La composition en lipides et en acides gras de souches toxiques Gymnodinium et Heterosigma cultivées dans les mêmes conditions a été déterminée pour identifier des marqueurs acides gras et glycolipides susceptibles d’être utilisés dans un suivi de la contamination de l’eau et
des coquillages après une prolifération de ces flagellés. L’analyse en
classes chimiques a été effectuée par chromatographie Iatroscan CCM/FID
en parallèle avec une séparation sur silice (cartouche SepPak) dans des
conditions d’élution favorisant la séparation des glycolipides MGDG,
66