FIG. 11. The distribution of mangroves in the district of Townsville, Queensland. The mangroves are restricted to the edge of the
sea and to the vicinity of tho creeks. Osbornia and Ipornoea pes-caprae grow on cheniers. There are extensive bare areas. The
rainfall is around 1 000 mm and highly seasonal. Based on air photographs. For explanation of transect, see Figs. 6 and S.