REVIEW OF TEE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OF OCEANIC SQUIDS
237
(Chun, 1910a) and from the North Atlantic (Chun, 1913; Grieg, 1922,
1924). It has been taken close to the surface (Grieg, 1924) and with
open nets fished to 2 200 m (Chun, 1913); a closing net fishing at
50&180 m caught a specimen.
The largest specimen, which is female, has a mantle length of 7.7 cm
(Chun, 1910a). Four specimens from 4.9-6-0 cm in mantle length were
described as adult (Chun, 1913).
5. Taonius richardsoni (Dell, 1959)
Megalocranchia richardsoni Dell, 1959b
A species very close to T . pavo, this has been described from New
Zealand waters (Dell, 1959b). It was caught in nets fished at depths
calculated as 460,550 and 1 100 m. The largest specimen has a mantle
length of 13.0 cm. One specimen was taken from a fish stomach.
6. Taonius of Iwai 1956
A specimen taken from the stomach of a Sperm whale caught near
Kamchatka differs from other Taonius species in having numerous
white tubercles on the mantle surface (Iwai, 1956c) and should probably
be regarded as a distinct species. The mantle length is 32.8 cm.
V. Verrilliteuthis
1. Verrilliteuthis hyperborea (Steenstrup, 1861)
This species is very poorly known and it is by no means sure that
all specimens referred to it are the same species; consequently it is not
possible to give the distribution with any certainty. In recent years
Voss (1955) recorded it off Cuba and Adam (1962) recorded it off
Angola. It has previously been recorded in the Faroe-Shetland Channel
(Russell, 1922) and off Ireland (Massy, 1928); it has been said to extend
from Baffin Bay and Greenland to Ireland and Madeira (Stephen,
1944) but this probably includes records of Verrill which are very
doubtful. The largest specimen recorded recently has a mantle length
of 6.8 cm (Adam, 1962).
W. Galiteuthis
Adults of this genus are all referable to C. armata Joubin, 189813,
while two immature specimens were erroneously referred to G. suhmi
(Hoyle, 1885d) by Chun (1910a) and Taonius richardi Joubin, 1895b,
may also belong here (Chun, 1910a; Grimpe, 1933) although Pfeffer
(1912) considered that it was distinct. Adult Galiteuthis are characterized by having prominent hooks on the tentacles but in younger
237
(Chun, 1910a) and from the North Atlantic (Chun, 1913; Grieg, 1922,
1924). It has been taken close to the surface (Grieg, 1924) and with
open nets fished to 2 200 m (Chun, 1913); a closing net fishing at
50&180 m caught a specimen.
The largest specimen, which is female, has a mantle length of 7.7 cm
(Chun, 1910a). Four specimens from 4.9-6-0 cm in mantle length were
described as adult (Chun, 1913).
5. Taonius richardsoni (Dell, 1959)
Megalocranchia richardsoni Dell, 1959b
A species very close to T . pavo, this has been described from New
Zealand waters (Dell, 1959b). It was caught in nets fished at depths
calculated as 460,550 and 1 100 m. The largest specimen has a mantle
length of 13.0 cm. One specimen was taken from a fish stomach.
6. Taonius of Iwai 1956
A specimen taken from the stomach of a Sperm whale caught near
Kamchatka differs from other Taonius species in having numerous
white tubercles on the mantle surface (Iwai, 1956c) and should probably
be regarded as a distinct species. The mantle length is 32.8 cm.
V. Verrilliteuthis
1. Verrilliteuthis hyperborea (Steenstrup, 1861)
This species is very poorly known and it is by no means sure that
all specimens referred to it are the same species; consequently it is not
possible to give the distribution with any certainty. In recent years
Voss (1955) recorded it off Cuba and Adam (1962) recorded it off
Angola. It has previously been recorded in the Faroe-Shetland Channel
(Russell, 1922) and off Ireland (Massy, 1928); it has been said to extend
from Baffin Bay and Greenland to Ireland and Madeira (Stephen,
1944) but this probably includes records of Verrill which are very
doubtful. The largest specimen recorded recently has a mantle length
of 6.8 cm (Adam, 1962).
W. Galiteuthis
Adults of this genus are all referable to C. armata Joubin, 189813,
while two immature specimens were erroneously referred to G. suhmi
(Hoyle, 1885d) by Chun (1910a) and Taonius richardi Joubin, 1895b,
may also belong here (Chun, 1910a; Grimpe, 1933) although Pfeffer
(1912) considered that it was distinct. Adult Galiteuthis are characterized by having prominent hooks on the tentacles but in younger