THE BLOOD GROUPS OF MARINE ANIMALS
107
tinins and serum precipitins, but that care must be taken to avoid
the complications caused by aging of cells in vitro (Utter et al., 1963).
Sanders and Wright (1962) have made a study of the genetics of
erythrocyte antigens in r&inbow (Salmo gardeneri) and brown ( S d m
trutta L.) trout, using absorbed heteroimmune rabbit antiserums aa
reagents. They found a two allele system in the rainbow that determines three phenotypes which conform to expected Hardy-Weinberg
frequencies in two populations, but not in three others, the heterozygote class being below expectation. As these latter populations
were grown under relatively crowded conditions, the possibility is
raised that adverse selection may be operating, but other explanations
are not yet excluded.
Two antigens B-1 and B-2, not related in specificity to those just
described, were found to be associated with four phenotypes, B-1, B-2,
B-1-2, and B-0 in the brown trout. Surprisingly, there waa a marked
difference in phenatype frequencies in the yearling trout as compared
to those in the older parental population, the B-1 and B-0 classes being
markedly deficient, and the B-2 and B-1-2 classes excessive. This
anomaly has not yet been clarified in terms of the genetic system (or
systems) involved, but it has been demonstrated that all fingerlings
in crosses made were B-2 positive no matter what the type of their
parents. Examples of the progeny of all crosses excepting the B-1 x
B-1 were tested. B-1 positive fish were found only among the progeny
of parents one of which carried this antigen. Further, some fingerlings
were demonstrated to lose their B-2 reactivity upon reaching yearling
size, changing from type B-1-2 or B-2 to type B-1 or B-0 respectively.
This is the first phenomenon of this sort reported in fish group studies,
and stands as an example of the warning already given that the
unexpected can occur. The authors report various experimente and
hypotheses, including that of erythrocyte coating, that are being
considered in efforts to elucidate the phenomenon.
J. R. Calaprice and Cushing (1964) have shown that considerable
antigenic diversity occurs among several species and populations of
trout in California, the brown trout being quite distinct serologically
from the brook, rainbow, cutthroat and golden trout. In addition,
spring and fall spawn stocks of rainbows could be distinguished, and
samples of golden trout collected at separate localities differentiated
from each other. The brown trout varied individually with respect
its reactions with an antiserum prepared in rabbits against the
of the white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus). Further research is
in Progress aimed at relating blood type antigens to the population
ecology of the several species involved.
107
tinins and serum precipitins, but that care must be taken to avoid
the complications caused by aging of cells in vitro (Utter et al., 1963).
Sanders and Wright (1962) have made a study of the genetics of
erythrocyte antigens in r&inbow (Salmo gardeneri) and brown ( S d m
trutta L.) trout, using absorbed heteroimmune rabbit antiserums aa
reagents. They found a two allele system in the rainbow that determines three phenotypes which conform to expected Hardy-Weinberg
frequencies in two populations, but not in three others, the heterozygote class being below expectation. As these latter populations
were grown under relatively crowded conditions, the possibility is
raised that adverse selection may be operating, but other explanations
are not yet excluded.
Two antigens B-1 and B-2, not related in specificity to those just
described, were found to be associated with four phenotypes, B-1, B-2,
B-1-2, and B-0 in the brown trout. Surprisingly, there waa a marked
difference in phenatype frequencies in the yearling trout as compared
to those in the older parental population, the B-1 and B-0 classes being
markedly deficient, and the B-2 and B-1-2 classes excessive. This
anomaly has not yet been clarified in terms of the genetic system (or
systems) involved, but it has been demonstrated that all fingerlings
in crosses made were B-2 positive no matter what the type of their
parents. Examples of the progeny of all crosses excepting the B-1 x
B-1 were tested. B-1 positive fish were found only among the progeny
of parents one of which carried this antigen. Further, some fingerlings
were demonstrated to lose their B-2 reactivity upon reaching yearling
size, changing from type B-1-2 or B-2 to type B-1 or B-0 respectively.
This is the first phenomenon of this sort reported in fish group studies,
and stands as an example of the warning already given that the
unexpected can occur. The authors report various experimente and
hypotheses, including that of erythrocyte coating, that are being
considered in efforts to elucidate the phenomenon.
J. R. Calaprice and Cushing (1964) have shown that considerable
antigenic diversity occurs among several species and populations of
trout in California, the brown trout being quite distinct serologically
from the brook, rainbow, cutthroat and golden trout. In addition,
spring and fall spawn stocks of rainbows could be distinguished, and
samples of golden trout collected at separate localities differentiated
from each other. The brown trout varied individually with respect
its reactions with an antiserum prepared in rabbits against the
of the white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus). Further research is
in Progress aimed at relating blood type antigens to the population
ecology of the several species involved.