PROTEINS IN DEVELOPMENT
219
the antigen d is in euglobulin c and in pseudoglobulin
the antigen b" is in euglobulin b
and after the mesenchyme blastula stage:
the antigens g and h are in euglobulin a and b
the antigen V is in euglobulin c
the antigens %" and k" are in pseudoglobulin.
Only one difference in the appearance of antigens was observed between antigens in fractions obtained by precipitation with ammonium
sulphate and antigens obtained by dilution. It is possible to detect
antigen a in the unfertilized egg only if the extraction is made in 1M
KCl, for it is not soluble in Weber and Edsall fluid.
Antigens V and b" probably correspond to the group of antigens
which Perlmann (1953), working on another sea urchin (Paracentrotus
lividus), termed I, antigen d probably corresponds to group I I I and
antigen e to group IV. Our antigens g, h, i
f
, i", k' and k" in Arbacia
correspond to Perlmann's antigens a, b, and c. Our antigens c' and c"
correspond to Perlmann's group II. Perlmann and Couffer Kaltenbach
(1956) detected in this group two antigens, termed 1 and 2, which
evidently correspond to our group c' of antigens.
We also prepared an antiserum against chick actin and Torpedo actin
but no precipitation was observed with a solution from ciliated blastula
and pluteus stage. These results were not published but we now know,
from the work of Finck and Holtzer (1961) that they were unable to
detect immunological precipitation of actin in spermatozoa and cilia
extracts. Incidentally, our anti-chick actin serum precipitates with an
actin-containing solution from the electrical organ of Torpedo (Maldacea,
Citterio and Ranzi, 1956).
B. Amphibians
The same kind of investigation was carried out on the development
of three species of Amphibians: Rana esculenta (Ranzi and Citterio,
1955a, b), Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis (Ranzi, Citterio and Samuelli,
1960). The salting-out diagrams for these three species were identical
and we can, therefore, consider these species together.^ Eggs, embryos,
tadpoles and adults were studied.
The nitrogen of the lyophilized powder soluble in Weber and Edsall
fluid decreases in amount after fertilization (before cleavage begins)
(Fig. 9). This decrease continues up to the end of neurulation. The soluble
f This observation stimulates one to investigate whether it is possible to detect
characteristic salting-out diagrams for the different groups of the zoological scale. Ranzi,
Citterio and Samuelli (1960), Ranzi (1960a) and Pajetta and Samuelli (1961) obtained
characteristic diagrams for some systematic groups.
219
the antigen d is in euglobulin c and in pseudoglobulin
the antigen b" is in euglobulin b
and after the mesenchyme blastula stage:
the antigens g and h are in euglobulin a and b
the antigen V is in euglobulin c
the antigens %" and k" are in pseudoglobulin.
Only one difference in the appearance of antigens was observed between antigens in fractions obtained by precipitation with ammonium
sulphate and antigens obtained by dilution. It is possible to detect
antigen a in the unfertilized egg only if the extraction is made in 1M
KCl, for it is not soluble in Weber and Edsall fluid.
Antigens V and b" probably correspond to the group of antigens
which Perlmann (1953), working on another sea urchin (Paracentrotus
lividus), termed I, antigen d probably corresponds to group I I I and
antigen e to group IV. Our antigens g, h, i
f
, i", k' and k" in Arbacia
correspond to Perlmann's antigens a, b, and c. Our antigens c' and c"
correspond to Perlmann's group II. Perlmann and Couffer Kaltenbach
(1956) detected in this group two antigens, termed 1 and 2, which
evidently correspond to our group c' of antigens.
We also prepared an antiserum against chick actin and Torpedo actin
but no precipitation was observed with a solution from ciliated blastula
and pluteus stage. These results were not published but we now know,
from the work of Finck and Holtzer (1961) that they were unable to
detect immunological precipitation of actin in spermatozoa and cilia
extracts. Incidentally, our anti-chick actin serum precipitates with an
actin-containing solution from the electrical organ of Torpedo (Maldacea,
Citterio and Ranzi, 1956).
B. Amphibians
The same kind of investigation was carried out on the development
of three species of Amphibians: Rana esculenta (Ranzi and Citterio,
1955a, b), Bufo bufo and Bufo viridis (Ranzi, Citterio and Samuelli,
1960). The salting-out diagrams for these three species were identical
and we can, therefore, consider these species together.^ Eggs, embryos,
tadpoles and adults were studied.
The nitrogen of the lyophilized powder soluble in Weber and Edsall
fluid decreases in amount after fertilization (before cleavage begins)
(Fig. 9). This decrease continues up to the end of neurulation. The soluble
f This observation stimulates one to investigate whether it is possible to detect
characteristic salting-out diagrams for the different groups of the zoological scale. Ranzi,
Citterio and Samuelli (1960), Ranzi (1960a) and Pajetta and Samuelli (1961) obtained
characteristic diagrams for some systematic groups.