148
6. Water Quality and Pollution
Considerations
Liebman and Marks [1968], and Fitch et al [1970]. Graves et al (1972)
have constructed a highly complex nonlinear water quality management
model that allowed as decision options: (I) regional water treatment (subsuming the use of bypass piping), (II) on-site treatment plants, and (III)
low-flow augmentation. Results of an application of the model to the West
Fork White River in Indiana were presented.
The lack of adequate water quality and cost data hampers the development of suitable models for water quality planning. Adequate water quality
data, particularly relating to the organic constituents, are rather scanty
except for general references prepared by state agencies [National Engineering Co.; Texas Water Development Board, 1968; U.S. Study Commission—Texas, 1961]. Costs for waste treatment operations are also
available only on a limited scale [U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Public Health Service, 1963] although consulting engineering firms
have proprietary data available.
Recently three papers (Clough and Bayer, 1970; de Lucia et al, 1974;
Nunamaker et al, 1974) have touched on the problem of seeking optimal
strategies of capital investment in new treatment plants combined with
the overall operation of water resources systems for a river basin undergoing economic growth with a consequent threat to the quality of the
basin's water resources. The following sections (1) describe a model for
w
r ater quality management in a river basin that can be meshed with the
water quantity model developed in Chapter 2, and (2) demonstrate the
applicability of the optimization algorithm described in Chapter 3 for the
solution of the model.
6.3. Formulating the Optimal Expansion Problem
to Include Water Quality
We assume that the economy of a river basin has a projected growth
over the planning horizon (!r max years) with a consequent increase in the
pollution load on the water resources from new and/or increased industrial
plants and cities. Hourly and daily perturbations in BOD and DO will
not be of concern here; instead we will use monthly averages of BOD and
DO during each year. The effluents from plants and cities already in existence are being processed by treatment plants that are working near their
maximum capacity, and it is clear that these treatment facilities will not
be adequate to meet future pollution loads based on predictions of industrial and population growth.
6. Water Quality and Pollution
Considerations
Liebman and Marks [1968], and Fitch et al [1970]. Graves et al (1972)
have constructed a highly complex nonlinear water quality management
model that allowed as decision options: (I) regional water treatment (subsuming the use of bypass piping), (II) on-site treatment plants, and (III)
low-flow augmentation. Results of an application of the model to the West
Fork White River in Indiana were presented.
The lack of adequate water quality and cost data hampers the development of suitable models for water quality planning. Adequate water quality
data, particularly relating to the organic constituents, are rather scanty
except for general references prepared by state agencies [National Engineering Co.; Texas Water Development Board, 1968; U.S. Study Commission—Texas, 1961]. Costs for waste treatment operations are also
available only on a limited scale [U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Public Health Service, 1963] although consulting engineering firms
have proprietary data available.
Recently three papers (Clough and Bayer, 1970; de Lucia et al, 1974;
Nunamaker et al, 1974) have touched on the problem of seeking optimal
strategies of capital investment in new treatment plants combined with
the overall operation of water resources systems for a river basin undergoing economic growth with a consequent threat to the quality of the
basin's water resources. The following sections (1) describe a model for
w
r ater quality management in a river basin that can be meshed with the
water quantity model developed in Chapter 2, and (2) demonstrate the
applicability of the optimization algorithm described in Chapter 3 for the
solution of the model.
6.3. Formulating the Optimal Expansion Problem
to Include Water Quality
We assume that the economy of a river basin has a projected growth
over the planning horizon (!r max years) with a consequent increase in the
pollution load on the water resources from new and/or increased industrial
plants and cities. Hourly and daily perturbations in BOD and DO will
not be of concern here; instead we will use monthly averages of BOD and
DO during each year. The effluents from plants and cities already in existence are being processed by treatment plants that are working near their
maximum capacity, and it is clear that these treatment facilities will not
be adequate to meet future pollution loads based on predictions of industrial and population growth.