SUBJECT INDEX
377
Propylene oxide
fixative,
86
stain inhibition, 86, 245
transitional solvent, 76, 86, 87, 88, 109,
117, 118, 354
Proteins
preservation and staining, 42,
61-63,
101, 234, 237, 244 (Figs. 4, 6, 8, 12,
28, 29)
wetting agent, 163, 328, 351 (Fig. 42)
Pseudoreplicas, 337
Pseudosections, 339
Pyronine-methyl green, 261
Pyruvic aldehyde, 57
R
Radioautography (see autoradiography)
Rapid freezing (see freezing, rapid)
Reactive solvents, 86, 109, 118
Reichert ultratome, 143-144
Replicas, 265, 326, 334-345 (Fig. 41)
backing films, 336, 342
Bedacryl 122X backing films, 342
carbon,
327,
335-336,
339,
341-344
(Fig. 41)
carboxymethyl cellulose backing
films,
342
cellulose acetate, 343
etched surfaces, 326, 340
evaporated films, 327, 335-336, 339, 340,
342-345
films
from solutions,
327, 335,
336,
340-342
flotation,
336, 341
Formvar, 326, 339, 340, 342, 344
Formvar backing films, 342, 343, 344
Formvar substrates, 336, 343
frozen-etched specimens,
337-339
gelatin, 341
gelatin backing films, 342
isolation, 335-336, 341, 343
materials for, 327, 340-345
methacrylate, 341
microscopy, 265
nitrocellulose,
341
oxidative cleaning, 336, 344
Parlodion, 340, 342, 344 (Fig. 41)
Parlodion backing films, 342, 344
Parlodion substrates, 336, 343
polystyrene, 341
polyvinyl alcohol, 341
polyvinyl alcohol backing films, 342
preshadowed, 337-339, 343, 344 (Fig. 41)
primary, 339, 340
pseudoreplicas, 337
resin, 344-345
secondary, 327, 339-340 (Fig. 41)
shadowing, 265, 326, 335, 336, 341
silica, 327, 342
silicon dioxide, 342
silicon monoxide, 342
single-stage, 335-339, 340
specimen surface preparation, 340
stripping, 336, 339-340, 341-342, 343, 345
two-stage, 327, 339-340 (Fig. 41)
undercut specimens, 336-337, 343
wax backing films, 344
Zapon, 341
Zapon backing films, 342
Resin replicas, 344-345
Resolution (see also objective lens astigmatism and objective aperture contamination)
alignment relationships, 281,
282-284,
285
astigmatism, effect of, 267-268, 289-293,
309 (Fig. 34)
contamination of specimen, 306
diffraction phenomena, relation to, 304305, 325 (Figs. 33 and 40)
photographic, 310-311 (Fig. 37)
section thickness, 301-303, 309 (Fig. 36)
space charge effect, 269
supporting film thickness, 197, 199, 206,
309
voltage instability, 281, 282-283
Reynold's lead citrate stain, 219, 221, 223225, 229, 355 (Fig. 26)
Ribosomes, 74, 235, 241, 243-244 (Figs. 5,
11, 12, 28)
Rigolac, 120
377
Propylene oxide
fixative,
86
stain inhibition, 86, 245
transitional solvent, 76, 86, 87, 88, 109,
117, 118, 354
Proteins
preservation and staining, 42,
61-63,
101, 234, 237, 244 (Figs. 4, 6, 8, 12,
28, 29)
wetting agent, 163, 328, 351 (Fig. 42)
Pseudoreplicas, 337
Pseudosections, 339
Pyronine-methyl green, 261
Pyruvic aldehyde, 57
R
Radioautography (see autoradiography)
Rapid freezing (see freezing, rapid)
Reactive solvents, 86, 109, 118
Reichert ultratome, 143-144
Replicas, 265, 326, 334-345 (Fig. 41)
backing films, 336, 342
Bedacryl 122X backing films, 342
carbon,
327,
335-336,
339,
341-344
(Fig. 41)
carboxymethyl cellulose backing
films,
342
cellulose acetate, 343
etched surfaces, 326, 340
evaporated films, 327, 335-336, 339, 340,
342-345
films
from solutions,
327, 335,
336,
340-342
flotation,
336, 341
Formvar, 326, 339, 340, 342, 344
Formvar backing films, 342, 343, 344
Formvar substrates, 336, 343
frozen-etched specimens,
337-339
gelatin, 341
gelatin backing films, 342
isolation, 335-336, 341, 343
materials for, 327, 340-345
methacrylate, 341
microscopy, 265
nitrocellulose,
341
oxidative cleaning, 336, 344
Parlodion, 340, 342, 344 (Fig. 41)
Parlodion backing films, 342, 344
Parlodion substrates, 336, 343
polystyrene, 341
polyvinyl alcohol, 341
polyvinyl alcohol backing films, 342
preshadowed, 337-339, 343, 344 (Fig. 41)
primary, 339, 340
pseudoreplicas, 337
resin, 344-345
secondary, 327, 339-340 (Fig. 41)
shadowing, 265, 326, 335, 336, 341
silica, 327, 342
silicon dioxide, 342
silicon monoxide, 342
single-stage, 335-339, 340
specimen surface preparation, 340
stripping, 336, 339-340, 341-342, 343, 345
two-stage, 327, 339-340 (Fig. 41)
undercut specimens, 336-337, 343
wax backing films, 344
Zapon, 341
Zapon backing films, 342
Resin replicas, 344-345
Resolution (see also objective lens astigmatism and objective aperture contamination)
alignment relationships, 281,
282-284,
285
astigmatism, effect of, 267-268, 289-293,
309 (Fig. 34)
contamination of specimen, 306
diffraction phenomena, relation to, 304305, 325 (Figs. 33 and 40)
photographic, 310-311 (Fig. 37)
section thickness, 301-303, 309 (Fig. 36)
space charge effect, 269
supporting film thickness, 197, 199, 206,
309
voltage instability, 281, 282-283
Reynold's lead citrate stain, 219, 221, 223225, 229, 355 (Fig. 26)
Ribosomes, 74, 235, 241, 243-244 (Figs. 5,
11, 12, 28)
Rigolac, 120