582
SUBJECT INDEX
vegetation, 238, 264
xerophytes of, 266
South African desert, 20, 405
algae of, 173, 175, 176, 177
climate, 104, 215, 223-224, 225
halophytes of, 293
insects of, 321, 349, 352, 359, 363,
368
lichens of, 191, 192-193
rainfall and vegetation density in,
215-217
soils of, 57, 77-78, 278
vegetation of, 264, 265-266
South American deserts, see also
Atacama Desert
algae of, 74
climate, 104, 224, 225
fungi of, 76
groundwater recharge in, 15
legumes in, 63
lichens of, 187-188, 191
micronutrients of, 67
potassium of, 66
soils of, 89
Sowbug, 312
Spain, 27
Speckled dace, 400, 402, 433, 440, 441,
442, 449, 456,468, 511
Sphingid moth, body temperature, 355
Spiders, water consumption in, 337
Spikedace, 441, 453, 468, 511
Spiracles, water loss through, 324-328
Spores, algal formation of, 171
Spotted skunk, 504
Springfish, 430, 445
Springs, 15-16, 393-397
disappearance of, 27
fish in, 438
of Great Artesian Basin, 24
in Sonoran Desert, 501-502, 507
thermal, 395-396
fish reproduction in, 457-458
Stems, subterranean, 146
Stick insect, 331
Stocking salmonids, 445
Stone eagle, 540
Stones, 47, 48
algal growth and, 175-177, 264
lichen growth and, 192-193
Stratification
in alluvial deposits, 44, 46
in pools, 414
Streams, dispersion of fish in, 433-438
Streptomycetes, 75
Strontium, 71
Stuart Desert, 87
Succulence
chlorides and, 284-285, 296, 297
salt uptake and, 289, 290-292
sulfates and, 294
of xerohalophytes, 294
Succulents, 146
hydrature of, 270-274
osmotic potential, 237
in Sonoran Desert, 506
Suckers, 401, 402, 429, 434, 452, 468
Suction tension, 242, 245
Sudan, 21
clay plains in, 44
fungi of, 76, 200
water supply in desert, 222
Sugar, 246
osmotic potential and, 234
Sugar beets, salt tolerance, 18
Sulfate, 43, 70, 287
effect on protoplasm, 284
in groundwater, 18, 20, 277
halophyte uptake of, 295-297, 300
succulence and, 294
Sulfur
gypsum origins and, 56
microorganisms and, 76
Sunburn, in fishes, 409
Sundrop, 515
Sunfishes, 401
Surface tension, groundwater motion
and, 3-4
Swift moth, cuticle permeability in, 321
Syneclises, 108
Syrian-Mesopotamian Desert, climate,
224
T
Takla Makan Desert
climate, 224
soils of, 84-85
Takyrs, 83, 173
algal crusts of, 173-175
Tanezrouft Desert, 104
SUBJECT INDEX
vegetation, 238, 264
xerophytes of, 266
South African desert, 20, 405
algae of, 173, 175, 176, 177
climate, 104, 215, 223-224, 225
halophytes of, 293
insects of, 321, 349, 352, 359, 363,
368
lichens of, 191, 192-193
rainfall and vegetation density in,
215-217
soils of, 57, 77-78, 278
vegetation of, 264, 265-266
South American deserts, see also
Atacama Desert
algae of, 74
climate, 104, 224, 225
fungi of, 76
groundwater recharge in, 15
legumes in, 63
lichens of, 187-188, 191
micronutrients of, 67
potassium of, 66
soils of, 89
Sowbug, 312
Spain, 27
Speckled dace, 400, 402, 433, 440, 441,
442, 449, 456,468, 511
Sphingid moth, body temperature, 355
Spiders, water consumption in, 337
Spikedace, 441, 453, 468, 511
Spiracles, water loss through, 324-328
Spores, algal formation of, 171
Spotted skunk, 504
Springfish, 430, 445
Springs, 15-16, 393-397
disappearance of, 27
fish in, 438
of Great Artesian Basin, 24
in Sonoran Desert, 501-502, 507
thermal, 395-396
fish reproduction in, 457-458
Stems, subterranean, 146
Stick insect, 331
Stocking salmonids, 445
Stone eagle, 540
Stones, 47, 48
algal growth and, 175-177, 264
lichen growth and, 192-193
Stratification
in alluvial deposits, 44, 46
in pools, 414
Streams, dispersion of fish in, 433-438
Streptomycetes, 75
Strontium, 71
Stuart Desert, 87
Succulence
chlorides and, 284-285, 296, 297
salt uptake and, 289, 290-292
sulfates and, 294
of xerohalophytes, 294
Succulents, 146
hydrature of, 270-274
osmotic potential, 237
in Sonoran Desert, 506
Suckers, 401, 402, 429, 434, 452, 468
Suction tension, 242, 245
Sudan, 21
clay plains in, 44
fungi of, 76, 200
water supply in desert, 222
Sugar, 246
osmotic potential and, 234
Sugar beets, salt tolerance, 18
Sulfate, 43, 70, 287
effect on protoplasm, 284
in groundwater, 18, 20, 277
halophyte uptake of, 295-297, 300
succulence and, 294
Sulfur
gypsum origins and, 56
microorganisms and, 76
Sunburn, in fishes, 409
Sundrop, 515
Sunfishes, 401
Surface tension, groundwater motion
and, 3-4
Swift moth, cuticle permeability in, 321
Syneclises, 108
Syrian-Mesopotamian Desert, climate,
224
T
Takla Makan Desert
climate, 224
soils of, 84-85
Takyrs, 83, 173
algal crusts of, 173-175
Tanezrouft Desert, 104