SUBJECT INDEX
581
origin, 57
in pavement, 48, 49-50
Silver perch, 455
Simoun, 121
Simpson Desert
climate, 223-224
soils of, 86-87
Sinai Desert
lichens of, 195, 196, 203
water supply in, 223
Sind region, climate, 224
Sinkiang deserts, 85, 224
Sirocco, 121
Sisorid catfish, 404
Skin, of fishes, 438
Small-flowered agave, 506
Smoke tree, 500
Snakes, 504
Sobaipuris, see Piman Indians
Sobas, see Piman Indians
Soda
in groundwater, 277
from halophytes, 300
Sodium, 57, 59, 60, 70
in Argids, 40
effects on plants, 70
protoplasm, 283-284
in groundwater, 18, 20, 277
in halophytes, 287, 288
in natric horizon, 38
soil structure and, 52, 53
water penetration and, 61
Sodium chloride, 43, 59, 61
Soil(s)
accumulations in, 53-61
black alkali, 277, see also Solonetz
soils
classification, 77
desert boundaries and, 34
as medium for plants, 61-71
micromycetes in, 199-202
microorganisms in, 71-76
of Sahara Desert, 78-79, 110, 155-156,
275
salinity of, 147, 274-279, 283, 290292, 293
vegetation and, 16
of Sonoran Desert, 499
structure, 51-53
suborders and great groups, 39-42
subsurface, 37-39
surfaces and classes, 34-37
synthesis, 32-33
temperature of, 53
in Sahara Desert, 114, 116, 119
texture, water supply of plants and,
219, 221-223
white alkali, 277, see also Solonchak
soils
Soil cacti, 271
Soil crusts
algal, 172-175
lichen, 173
Solar radiation
body temperature and, 350, 351
effects on fishes, 408-410
insect coloration and, 358-359
Solfugids, cuticle permeability in, 320
Solonchak soils, 42, 43, 84, 277
algae in, 171
soluble salts in, 60
Solonetz soils, 38, 40, 43, 84, 277
formation, 278
soluble salts of, 60
Somalia, climate, 224
Somali-Chalbi Desert, soils of, 79-80
Sonoran chub, 441, 511
Sonoran Desert, 89, 90, 223, 493-511
algae of, 186
boundaries, 491
climate, 224, 271, 496-498, 504-505,
509
ecology of, 203
fauna of, 502-504, 507, 510-511
insects of, 351-352, 368
peoples of, 493, 494, 511-524
physiography, 498-499, 505-506, 509
rainfall and plant density of, 217
rivers of, 392
studies of, 491-493
vegetation of, 255-256, 499-501,
506-507, 509-510
water in, 501-502, 507, 508
Sonoran pronghorn antelope, 503, 507
Sonora sucker, 456, 511
Sonoyta River, 501
Sotol, 500
South Africa
insects of, 321, 349
pavements of, 50
581
origin, 57
in pavement, 48, 49-50
Silver perch, 455
Simoun, 121
Simpson Desert
climate, 223-224
soils of, 86-87
Sinai Desert
lichens of, 195, 196, 203
water supply in, 223
Sind region, climate, 224
Sinkiang deserts, 85, 224
Sirocco, 121
Sisorid catfish, 404
Skin, of fishes, 438
Small-flowered agave, 506
Smoke tree, 500
Snakes, 504
Sobaipuris, see Piman Indians
Sobas, see Piman Indians
Soda
in groundwater, 277
from halophytes, 300
Sodium, 57, 59, 60, 70
in Argids, 40
effects on plants, 70
protoplasm, 283-284
in groundwater, 18, 20, 277
in halophytes, 287, 288
in natric horizon, 38
soil structure and, 52, 53
water penetration and, 61
Sodium chloride, 43, 59, 61
Soil(s)
accumulations in, 53-61
black alkali, 277, see also Solonetz
soils
classification, 77
desert boundaries and, 34
as medium for plants, 61-71
micromycetes in, 199-202
microorganisms in, 71-76
of Sahara Desert, 78-79, 110, 155-156,
275
salinity of, 147, 274-279, 283, 290292, 293
vegetation and, 16
of Sonoran Desert, 499
structure, 51-53
suborders and great groups, 39-42
subsurface, 37-39
surfaces and classes, 34-37
synthesis, 32-33
temperature of, 53
in Sahara Desert, 114, 116, 119
texture, water supply of plants and,
219, 221-223
white alkali, 277, see also Solonchak
soils
Soil cacti, 271
Soil crusts
algal, 172-175
lichen, 173
Solar radiation
body temperature and, 350, 351
effects on fishes, 408-410
insect coloration and, 358-359
Solfugids, cuticle permeability in, 320
Solonchak soils, 42, 43, 84, 277
algae in, 171
soluble salts in, 60
Solonetz soils, 38, 40, 43, 84, 277
formation, 278
soluble salts of, 60
Somalia, climate, 224
Somali-Chalbi Desert, soils of, 79-80
Sonoran chub, 441, 511
Sonoran Desert, 89, 90, 223, 493-511
algae of, 186
boundaries, 491
climate, 224, 271, 496-498, 504-505,
509
ecology of, 203
fauna of, 502-504, 507, 510-511
insects of, 351-352, 368
peoples of, 493, 494, 511-524
physiography, 498-499, 505-506, 509
rainfall and plant density of, 217
rivers of, 392
studies of, 491-493
vegetation of, 255-256, 499-501,
506-507, 509-510
water in, 501-502, 507, 508
Sonoran pronghorn antelope, 503, 507
Sonora sucker, 456, 511
Sonoyta River, 501
Sotol, 500
South Africa
insects of, 321, 349
pavements of, 50