580
SUBJECT INDEX
of groundwater, 20
of gypsum saturation water, 56
of marsh water, 397
of soils, see Soils
Salmonids, 409, 420, 455
Salorthids, 42
Salt
accumulations, 69
characteristics, 59
distribution, 60-61
effects on protoplasm, 282, 283
effects on vegetation, 69-71, 138,
147-148
halophyte uptake of, 279-281, 288-292
as medium of exchange, 523
origin, 60
in Sahara Desert, 128-129
in salic horizon, 38
soil structure and, 52
succulents and, 272
tolerance for, 18
Salt bush, 340
Saltcedar, 16
Salt Creek pupfish, 402
Salt crust, formation, 16-17
Salt glands, in desalting halophytes, 300
Salt grass, 397
Salt injury, 70-71
Salton Sea, 399
Sand
aggregation of, 52
characteristics, 44-46
composition, 46-47
roots and, 142
salt concentration in, 292
vegetation relationships, 47
water supply in, 221, 222
Sand dunes, 34, 37, 44, 46-47
groundwater recharge and, 12
of Iranian Desert, 82
moisture in, 156
in Sahara Desert, 120, 124
vegetation of, 150
water supply in, 223
Sand roach, see Cockroach
Sand root, 515
Sandstone
of Great Artesian Basin, 23, 24, 25
of Nubian Aquifer, 21
in Saudi Arabia, 540, 542
Sand storms, Saharan, 121
Santa Cruz River, 508
Saudi Arabia, 530-550, see also Arabian
Deserts
Schimper's theory, 279
Scorpion, 312, 536
activity cycles, 368-369
body temperature, 351-352
microclimate and, 156
starvation in, 364
tolerance of high temperature, 348
water balance, 321, 327
Sea lion, 515
Sea turtle, 514
Sebkha, 128
Sedge, 397
Sedimentation, effect on fishes, 404-405
Seeds
effect of soil crusts on, 52
germination, 69-70
salt concentration in halophytes
during, 301
salt uptake in, 280-281
Seguia, 131, 132
Selenium, 70
Seris, 493
Sexual cycles, in fishes, 454-460
Shadscale, 90
Sheep, 87, 190, 514, 523
salt tolerance, 18
Sheepshead pupfish, 406, 427, 433, 467
Shellfish, 513
man and, 514
Shells
fossil bivalves, 176
as ornaments, 522
of snails, 176
Shivering, 352
Shortfin molly, 453
Shrimp, 514
Sierozem soils, 42, 83, 84
humus content, 68
of Iranian Desert, 82
nitrogen in, 69
of Turkestan desert, 50
Silcrete, 57
Silicates, 39, 42, 61
characteristics, 57
distribution, 57-58
in groundwater, 277
SUBJECT INDEX
of groundwater, 20
of gypsum saturation water, 56
of marsh water, 397
of soils, see Soils
Salmonids, 409, 420, 455
Salorthids, 42
Salt
accumulations, 69
characteristics, 59
distribution, 60-61
effects on protoplasm, 282, 283
effects on vegetation, 69-71, 138,
147-148
halophyte uptake of, 279-281, 288-292
as medium of exchange, 523
origin, 60
in Sahara Desert, 128-129
in salic horizon, 38
soil structure and, 52
succulents and, 272
tolerance for, 18
Salt bush, 340
Saltcedar, 16
Salt Creek pupfish, 402
Salt crust, formation, 16-17
Salt glands, in desalting halophytes, 300
Salt grass, 397
Salt injury, 70-71
Salton Sea, 399
Sand
aggregation of, 52
characteristics, 44-46
composition, 46-47
roots and, 142
salt concentration in, 292
vegetation relationships, 47
water supply in, 221, 222
Sand dunes, 34, 37, 44, 46-47
groundwater recharge and, 12
of Iranian Desert, 82
moisture in, 156
in Sahara Desert, 120, 124
vegetation of, 150
water supply in, 223
Sand roach, see Cockroach
Sand root, 515
Sandstone
of Great Artesian Basin, 23, 24, 25
of Nubian Aquifer, 21
in Saudi Arabia, 540, 542
Sand storms, Saharan, 121
Santa Cruz River, 508
Saudi Arabia, 530-550, see also Arabian
Deserts
Schimper's theory, 279
Scorpion, 312, 536
activity cycles, 368-369
body temperature, 351-352
microclimate and, 156
starvation in, 364
tolerance of high temperature, 348
water balance, 321, 327
Sea lion, 515
Sea turtle, 514
Sebkha, 128
Sedge, 397
Sedimentation, effect on fishes, 404-405
Seeds
effect of soil crusts on, 52
germination, 69-70
salt concentration in halophytes
during, 301
salt uptake in, 280-281
Seguia, 131, 132
Selenium, 70
Seris, 493
Sexual cycles, in fishes, 454-460
Shadscale, 90
Sheep, 87, 190, 514, 523
salt tolerance, 18
Sheepshead pupfish, 406, 427, 433, 467
Shellfish, 513
man and, 514
Shells
fossil bivalves, 176
as ornaments, 522
of snails, 176
Shivering, 352
Shortfin molly, 453
Shrimp, 514
Sierozem soils, 42, 83, 84
humus content, 68
of Iranian Desert, 82
nitrogen in, 69
of Turkestan desert, 50
Silcrete, 57
Silicates, 39, 42, 61
characteristics, 57
distribution, 57-58
in groundwater, 277