Sediment-water interactions in anoxic freshwater sediments : mobility of feavy metals and nutrients

Major rivers within Germany (Rhine, Neckar, Main, Weser, and Elbe) drain densely populated and important industrial areas. The rivers had been polluted with heavy metals and organic pollutants by industrial and municipal emissions mainly before 1970 or - in the case of the Elbe - before 1990. An important ecological problem still exists in the high heavy metal concentration of the river sediments. To assess the risk of heavy metal remobilization from sediments, pore-water and sediment samples were examined from 10 sites in these rivers. For comparison pore waters from Lake Constance were also analyzed. Further investigations were carried out on sediment profiles of the Lean River (China) draining a hinterland with one of the largest copper mines of the world, and the Oka River (with its important tributary, the Moscow River) in Russia. The distributions of Fe, Mn, Cd, Zn, Pb,

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