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Table 4 : Examples of MSP- type measures by sector (Ehler 2009)
Sector
Management measures
Marine transportation Mandatory vessel traffic routes
Ship routes/ fairways
Vessel traffic separation schemes
Areas to be avoided (by vessels)
Precautionary or prohibited areas
Lightering areas
Moving safety (buffer) & security zones around tankers
Pilot boarding areas
Safety zones around oil spill response operations
Ports
Safety zones around vessels, and terminals
Anchoring, and no-anchoring grounds or areas
Security zones in ports, and waterways
Offshore port zones for oil transfers
Fishing
Fishery closure areas, including seasonal closures
No trawl areas
Critical habitat designations
Artificial reef areas
Offshore aquaculture
Offshore areas designated for aquaculture
Oil & Gas
Oil & Gas lease or concession areas
Safety zones around offshore installations
Areas withdrawn from leasing
Renewable energy
Wind farms, wave parks, & tidal energy lease or concession areas
Safety zones around wind farms, wave parks, and tidal facilities
Pipelines & cables
Pipeline rights-of-way or areas
Communication cable rights-of-way
Energy transmission cable rights-of-way
Cable lines (not always in rights-of-way)
Sewage
Sewer lines, and diffusers
Dredging
Dredging sites or areas
Dredged material disposal areas or sites (active & inactive)
Sand & gravel mining
Sand, and gravel (aggregate) extraction areas
Military
Military operations of exercise/training areas (“hot zones”)
Danger, restricted, or security areas
Submarine operating areas
Sonar operating zones
Security, and safety around naval ships
Recreation
Wildlife viewing areas
Personal watercraft areas
Marine protected areas Marine nature reserves or ecological reserves (no take, no access, no impact
zones)
Marine wilderness areas
Marine parks
Habitats/species management areas
Nature conservation
Coral reefs
Wetlands
Marine mammal breeding routes
Research
Scientific reference sites
History, and culture
Protected archaeological areas e.g., shipwrecks
Submerged archaeological sites