Chabet Dis, Refes, Varó, Hontoria, Amat and Navarro
8
microecosystems. As the direct cause of the variation in
the fatty acid profiles of the Bethioua population has not
yet been elucidated, further investigation into the trophic
ecology of this site is required. In light of the presented
evidence, it is advised that aquaculture practioners
thoroughly investigate the nutritional value (by way of a
fatty acid profile) of different batches of cysts, even from
those of the same population or supplier.
Acknowledgments — We thank Khadra Ferhani for comments on
the manuscript.
ORCID
C Chabet Dis: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-099X
References
Amarouayache M, Derbal F, Kara MH. 2009. Biological data on
Artemia salina (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Chott Marouane
(northeast Algeria). Crustaceana 82: 997–1005. https://doi.
org/10.1163/156854009X452768.
Amarouayache M, Derbal F, Kara MH. 2012. Note on the
carcinological fauna associated with Artemia salina (Branchiopoda:
Anostraca) from Sebkha Ez-moul (northeast Algeria). Crustaceana
85: 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854012X623728.
Amarouayache M, Kara M. H. 2015. Quality evaluation of a new
strain of Artemia from Sebkha Ez-moul, Algeria: biometry,
hatching and fatty acid composition. Vie et Milieu 65: 211–217.
Amat F. 1980. Diferenciación y distribución de las poblaciones de
Artemia (Crustaceo, branquiopodo) de España. II. Incidencia
de la salinidad ambiental sobre la morfología y el desarrollo.
Investigaciones Pesquera 44: 485–503.
Beck AD, Bengtson DA. 1982. International Study on Artemia
XXII: nutrition in aquatic toxicology: diet quality of geographical
strains of the brine shrimp, Artemia. In: Pearson JG, Forster RB,
Bishop WE (Eds). Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment.
Philadelphia: ASTM International. pp 161–169.
Bengtson DA, Leger P, Sorgeloos P. 1991. Use of Artemia as a
food source for aquaculture. In: Browne RA, Sorgeloos P,
Trotman CAN (Eds), Artemia biology. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
pp 255–285.
Ben Naceur H, Ben Rejeb Jenhani A, Romdhane MS. 2012. Review
of the biogeography of Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Anostraca)
in Tunisia. International Journal of Artemia Biology 2: 24–39.
Brown LR, Carpelan LH. 1971. Egg hatching and life history of a
fairy shrimp Branchinecta mackini Dexter (Crustacea: Anostraca)
in a Mohave desert playa (Rabbit Dry Lake). Ecology 52: 41–54.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1934736.
Camargo WN, Duran GC, Rada OC, Hernandez LC, Linero JCG,
Muelle IM, Sorgeloos P. 2005. Determination of biological and
phyochemical parameters of Artemia franciscana strains in
hypersaline environments for aquaculture in the Colombian
Caribbean. Saline Systems 9: 1–11.
Christie WW. 1982. Lipid Analysis (2 edn edn). Oxford: Pergamon
Press.
Chuecas L, Riley JP. 1969. Component fatty acids of the total lipids
of some marine phytoplankton. Journal of the Marine Biological
Association of the United Kingdom 49: 97–116. https://doi.
org/10.1017/S0025315400046439.
Cole GA, Brown RJ. 1967. Chemistry of Artemia habitats. Ecology
48: 858–861. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933745.
Dendrinos P, Thorpe JP. 1987. Experiments on the artificial
regulation of the amino acid and fatty acid contents of food
organisms to meet the assessed nutritional requirements of larval,
post-larval and juvenile Dover sole (Solea solea L.) Aquaculture
61: 121–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90364-4.
Derbal F, Amarouayache M, Kara MH. 2010. Preliminary data on
a new Artemia strain from El-Bahira Lake (Northeast of Algeria).
Rapport de la Commission Internationale de la Mer Méditerranée
39: 494.
Desvilettes C, Bourdier G, Amblard C, Barth B. 1997. Use of fatty
acids for the assessment of zooplankton grazing on bacteria,
protozoans and microalgae. Freshwater Biology 38: 629–637.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00241.x.
Dhont J, Sorgeloos P. 2002. Application of Artemia. In:
Abatzopoulos TJ, Beardmore JA, Clegg JS (Eds), Artemia: Basic
and applied biology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp
251–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_6.
Dray S, Dufour A. 2007. The ade4 package: implementing the
duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 22:
1–20. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v022.i04.
Fujita S, Watanabe T, Kitajima C. 1980. Nutritional quality of Artemia
from different locations as a living feed for marine fish from the
viewpoint of essential fatty acids. In: Persoone G, Sorgeloos P,
Roels O, Jaspers E (Eds), The Brine Shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3.
Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture. Wetteren: Universa Press.
pp 277–290.
Garcia-Ortega A, Verreth JAJ, Coutteau P, Segner H, Huisman,
EA, Sorgeloos P. 1998. Biochemical and enzymatic
characterization of decapsulated cysts and nauplii of the brine
shrimp Artemia at different developmental stages. Aquaculture
161: 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00297-4.
Ghomari SM. 2013. Localisation et caractérisation de la ressource
naturelle Artemia dans les milieux salins algériens. (Zones
Humides de l’Ouest, de l’Est et Sahariennes), PhD thesis,
Mostaganem University, Algeria.
Guschina IA, Harwood JL. 2009. Algal lipids and effect of the
environment on their biochemistry. In: Arts MT, Brett MT, Kainz
MJ (Eds), Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems. New York: Springer. pp
1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89366-2_1.
Han K, Geurden I, Sorgeloos P. 2001. Fatty acid changes in
enriched and subsequently starved Artemia franciscana nauplii
enriched with different essential fatty acids. Aquaculture 199:
93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00596-2.
Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Varó I, Amat F. 1989. Utilization of
Artemia cysts in marine larvae cultures: a model of quality
evaluation. Aquacultural Engineering 8: 127–138. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0144-8609(89)90009-5.
Jónasdóttir SH. 2019. Fatty acid profiles and production in
marine phytoplankton. Marine Drugs 17: 151–151. https://doi.
org/10.3390/md17030151.
Kara MH, Bengraïne KA, Derbal F, Chaoui L, Amarouayache M.
2004. Quality evaluation of a new strain of Artemia from Chott
Merouane (Northeast Algeria). Aquaculture 235: 361–369.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.2.016.
Kara MH, Amarouayache M. 2012. Review of the biogeography of.
International Journal of Artemia Biology 2: 40–50.
Kassambara A, Mundt F. 2016. Extra: extract and visualise the
results of multivariate data analyses. https://CRAN.R-project.org/
package=extra.
Lavens P, Leger P, Sorgeloos P. 1986. Production, utilization
and manipulation of Artemia as food source for shrimp and fish
larvae. Oceanis 4: 229–247.
Lavens P, Leger P, Sorgeloos P. 1989. Manipution of the fatty
acids profile in Artemia offspring produced in intensive culture
systems. In: de Pauw N. Jaspers E, Ackefors H, Wilkins N (Eds),
Aquaculture, a Biotechnology in Progress. Bredene: European
Aquaculture Society. pp 731–739.
Lavens P, Sorgeloos P. 1996. Manual of the production and use of
live food for aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 361.
Lavens P, Sorgeloos P. 2000. The history, present status and
8
microecosystems. As the direct cause of the variation in
the fatty acid profiles of the Bethioua population has not
yet been elucidated, further investigation into the trophic
ecology of this site is required. In light of the presented
evidence, it is advised that aquaculture practioners
thoroughly investigate the nutritional value (by way of a
fatty acid profile) of different batches of cysts, even from
those of the same population or supplier.
Acknowledgments — We thank Khadra Ferhani for comments on
the manuscript.
ORCID
C Chabet Dis: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-099X
References
Amarouayache M, Derbal F, Kara MH. 2009. Biological data on
Artemia salina (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from Chott Marouane
(northeast Algeria). Crustaceana 82: 997–1005. https://doi.
org/10.1163/156854009X452768.
Amarouayache M, Derbal F, Kara MH. 2012. Note on the
carcinological fauna associated with Artemia salina (Branchiopoda:
Anostraca) from Sebkha Ez-moul (northeast Algeria). Crustaceana
85: 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1163/156854012X623728.
Amarouayache M, Kara M. H. 2015. Quality evaluation of a new
strain of Artemia from Sebkha Ez-moul, Algeria: biometry,
hatching and fatty acid composition. Vie et Milieu 65: 211–217.
Amat F. 1980. Diferenciación y distribución de las poblaciones de
Artemia (Crustaceo, branquiopodo) de España. II. Incidencia
de la salinidad ambiental sobre la morfología y el desarrollo.
Investigaciones Pesquera 44: 485–503.
Beck AD, Bengtson DA. 1982. International Study on Artemia
XXII: nutrition in aquatic toxicology: diet quality of geographical
strains of the brine shrimp, Artemia. In: Pearson JG, Forster RB,
Bishop WE (Eds). Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment.
Philadelphia: ASTM International. pp 161–169.
Bengtson DA, Leger P, Sorgeloos P. 1991. Use of Artemia as a
food source for aquaculture. In: Browne RA, Sorgeloos P,
Trotman CAN (Eds), Artemia biology. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
pp 255–285.
Ben Naceur H, Ben Rejeb Jenhani A, Romdhane MS. 2012. Review
of the biogeography of Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea: Anostraca)
in Tunisia. International Journal of Artemia Biology 2: 24–39.
Brown LR, Carpelan LH. 1971. Egg hatching and life history of a
fairy shrimp Branchinecta mackini Dexter (Crustacea: Anostraca)
in a Mohave desert playa (Rabbit Dry Lake). Ecology 52: 41–54.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1934736.
Camargo WN, Duran GC, Rada OC, Hernandez LC, Linero JCG,
Muelle IM, Sorgeloos P. 2005. Determination of biological and
phyochemical parameters of Artemia franciscana strains in
hypersaline environments for aquaculture in the Colombian
Caribbean. Saline Systems 9: 1–11.
Christie WW. 1982. Lipid Analysis (2 edn edn). Oxford: Pergamon
Press.
Chuecas L, Riley JP. 1969. Component fatty acids of the total lipids
of some marine phytoplankton. Journal of the Marine Biological
Association of the United Kingdom 49: 97–116. https://doi.
org/10.1017/S0025315400046439.
Cole GA, Brown RJ. 1967. Chemistry of Artemia habitats. Ecology
48: 858–861. https://doi.org/10.2307/1933745.
Dendrinos P, Thorpe JP. 1987. Experiments on the artificial
regulation of the amino acid and fatty acid contents of food
organisms to meet the assessed nutritional requirements of larval,
post-larval and juvenile Dover sole (Solea solea L.) Aquaculture
61: 121–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90364-4.
Derbal F, Amarouayache M, Kara MH. 2010. Preliminary data on
a new Artemia strain from El-Bahira Lake (Northeast of Algeria).
Rapport de la Commission Internationale de la Mer Méditerranée
39: 494.
Desvilettes C, Bourdier G, Amblard C, Barth B. 1997. Use of fatty
acids for the assessment of zooplankton grazing on bacteria,
protozoans and microalgae. Freshwater Biology 38: 629–637.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00241.x.
Dhont J, Sorgeloos P. 2002. Application of Artemia. In:
Abatzopoulos TJ, Beardmore JA, Clegg JS (Eds), Artemia: Basic
and applied biology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp
251–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_6.
Dray S, Dufour A. 2007. The ade4 package: implementing the
duality diagram for ecologists. Journal of Statistical Software 22:
1–20. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v022.i04.
Fujita S, Watanabe T, Kitajima C. 1980. Nutritional quality of Artemia
from different locations as a living feed for marine fish from the
viewpoint of essential fatty acids. In: Persoone G, Sorgeloos P,
Roels O, Jaspers E (Eds), The Brine Shrimp Artemia. Vol. 3.
Ecology, Culturing, Use in Aquaculture. Wetteren: Universa Press.
pp 277–290.
Garcia-Ortega A, Verreth JAJ, Coutteau P, Segner H, Huisman,
EA, Sorgeloos P. 1998. Biochemical and enzymatic
characterization of decapsulated cysts and nauplii of the brine
shrimp Artemia at different developmental stages. Aquaculture
161: 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00297-4.
Ghomari SM. 2013. Localisation et caractérisation de la ressource
naturelle Artemia dans les milieux salins algériens. (Zones
Humides de l’Ouest, de l’Est et Sahariennes), PhD thesis,
Mostaganem University, Algeria.
Guschina IA, Harwood JL. 2009. Algal lipids and effect of the
environment on their biochemistry. In: Arts MT, Brett MT, Kainz
MJ (Eds), Lipids in Aquatic Ecosystems. New York: Springer. pp
1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89366-2_1.
Han K, Geurden I, Sorgeloos P. 2001. Fatty acid changes in
enriched and subsequently starved Artemia franciscana nauplii
enriched with different essential fatty acids. Aquaculture 199:
93–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00596-2.
Hontoria F, Navarro JC, Varó I, Amat F. 1989. Utilization of
Artemia cysts in marine larvae cultures: a model of quality
evaluation. Aquacultural Engineering 8: 127–138. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0144-8609(89)90009-5.
Jónasdóttir SH. 2019. Fatty acid profiles and production in
marine phytoplankton. Marine Drugs 17: 151–151. https://doi.
org/10.3390/md17030151.
Kara MH, Bengraïne KA, Derbal F, Chaoui L, Amarouayache M.
2004. Quality evaluation of a new strain of Artemia from Chott
Merouane (Northeast Algeria). Aquaculture 235: 361–369.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.2.016.
Kara MH, Amarouayache M. 2012. Review of the biogeography of.
International Journal of Artemia Biology 2: 40–50.
Kassambara A, Mundt F. 2016. Extra: extract and visualise the
results of multivariate data analyses. https://CRAN.R-project.org/
package=extra.
Lavens P, Leger P, Sorgeloos P. 1986. Production, utilization
and manipulation of Artemia as food source for shrimp and fish
larvae. Oceanis 4: 229–247.
Lavens P, Leger P, Sorgeloos P. 1989. Manipution of the fatty
acids profile in Artemia offspring produced in intensive culture
systems. In: de Pauw N. Jaspers E, Ackefors H, Wilkins N (Eds),
Aquaculture, a Biotechnology in Progress. Bredene: European
Aquaculture Society. pp 731–739.
Lavens P, Sorgeloos P. 1996. Manual of the production and use of
live food for aquaculture. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 361.
Lavens P, Sorgeloos P. 2000. The history, present status and