and the Seat
225
a piece—meal, ad hoc basis. Whilè in most cases the results have been
benecial, a more sustained and}widespread effort is needed to build
up ‘centres of excellence’
further developments can be
made on a self—help basis. Recôgnition of the need for a much
broader base for assistance is implicit in the Indicative World Plan
for Agricultural Development announced by the FAO in 1969. The
plan, which maps out the resources and their development up
to
1985, is used, for example, by the World Bank as a source of
reference for investment in developing countries. Included in the
Indicative World Plan is a review of the living resources of the
world’s ocean.
An equally important source of encouragement for scientic and
technical improvement is, of course, the international research
programme. The useful ‘spin—off
’ from the rst major international
oceanographic programme, the International Indian Ocean Expedi—
tion (1960—65), was still continuing four years later. The success of
the Indian Ocean venture, in which twenty—ve nations were
involved, must have in part encouraged President Johnson to
propose in March 1968 an international decade of ocean exploration
for the 197os. U.S. scientic, business and educational leaders
seconded this proposal during the 33rd American assembly on
‘Uses of the Seas’ held at Harriman in May that year. The conference
agreed that ‘given the expanding prospects at sea it is urgent to take
measures to accommodate competing uses, to promote conservation,
to rene the laws, to negotiate the appropriate international agree—
ments and to create international machinery to assist in the scientic
investigation of the seas and in orderly developments of ocean
resources’. According to Robert F. Packard, director of the US.
State Department’s Ofces of Space and Environmental Science
Affairs, the proposa] was not developed to counter moves on the
peaceful use of the oceans as instituted the previous year by Malta
in the United Nations. The hope was that an international pro—
gramme on such a massive scale would accomplish a task beyond
any single nation and would foster relationships between countries
which would encourage agreements on the exploitation of the
oceans.
'
The great ocean debate
No greater challenge can exist for international co—operation than
that of nding a solution, satisfactory to all nations, on the question
8
!
225
a piece—meal, ad hoc basis. Whilè in most cases the results have been
benecial, a more sustained and}widespread effort is needed to build
up ‘centres of excellence’
further developments can be
made on a self—help basis. Recôgnition of the need for a much
broader base for assistance is implicit in the Indicative World Plan
for Agricultural Development announced by the FAO in 1969. The
plan, which maps out the resources and their development up
to
1985, is used, for example, by the World Bank as a source of
reference for investment in developing countries. Included in the
Indicative World Plan is a review of the living resources of the
world’s ocean.
An equally important source of encouragement for scientic and
technical improvement is, of course, the international research
programme. The useful ‘spin—off
’ from the rst major international
oceanographic programme, the International Indian Ocean Expedi—
tion (1960—65), was still continuing four years later. The success of
the Indian Ocean venture, in which twenty—ve nations were
involved, must have in part encouraged President Johnson to
propose in March 1968 an international decade of ocean exploration
for the 197os. U.S. scientic, business and educational leaders
seconded this proposal during the 33rd American assembly on
‘Uses of the Seas’ held at Harriman in May that year. The conference
agreed that ‘given the expanding prospects at sea it is urgent to take
measures to accommodate competing uses, to promote conservation,
to rene the laws, to negotiate the appropriate international agree—
ments and to create international machinery to assist in the scientic
investigation of the seas and in orderly developments of ocean
resources’. According to Robert F. Packard, director of the US.
State Department’s Ofces of Space and Environmental Science
Affairs, the proposa] was not developed to counter moves on the
peaceful use of the oceans as instituted the previous year by Malta
in the United Nations. The hope was that an international pro—
gramme on such a massive scale would accomplish a task beyond
any single nation and would foster relationships between countries
which would encourage agreements on the exploitation of the
oceans.
'
The great ocean debate
No greater challenge can exist for international co—operation than
that of nding a solution, satisfactory to all nations, on the question
8
!