,
'
THERMAL DEGRÀDÀHON"Œ vmusas
121
,
similar mechanismwhich may involve
the
pf the ï‘hydr'ogen bonds
t° Protein °°guraüon
'
,
'
,
'
'
',
'
To test the e‘eCts of rehÿclratioii With cations on
of poliovirus, suspensiOns
of virus in Medium
Pat
dried by sublimationân…vacuo
at 0 °C
and rehydrated with Water, with 1 M NaCl in water orin Parke, Davis additive
(3.8 % Calcium
seiüî ÏaIb‘umin,
or
or
Parke, Davis additive._Dried suspensions
With water
legs of"titer.‘,The
results using
several
.,:…
»
water; loss
of titér.“
-
,
,
__
:
.
.
_
«2. Water + 1 M NaCl, _Parke, Davis additive, Parke, Davis
or
-
»
1 M MgClz;
loss of _2.0 logs of titer.
_
_
,
f
3.
"+ {1
of‘1‘j‘ibgf“pfjœr’t
'
'
'
,_
These data indicate that cations protect dried suspensions of poliovirus from the S‘tresses
of rehydration.
_
_
‘
REFERENCES
The authors, recognizing that scientists or students reading this chapter uncÏoubtedly have the necessary
library facilities and abities to ferret out those materials germiane to our discussions, have listed, in the
main, only review papers.
A. Characteristics of Virases
'
ANDREWES C. Viruses of“Vertebràtes, Wliarsîa‘nd‘Wkis‘ COL, Baltimore; 1964.
_
‘
"*
'
_' _
WILNER B. I.
Classÿîcaon of the
Groups of Human
Writs'es, 2ndEd., Cutter
LabOratories, Berkeley, l.Calif0mia,1964.»
-
,;
Ï.‘ ._…,
_
'.
'
-
,
B. Freezz‘ng
;
Ï‘ {'
…;
‘
…
:
,
=
'
GREIFF D._ædMsægs M. Enzymatic activities of mitochondria following freeng
in :L. Rey (Editer), AspeCts Théoriqaes
Lyophz‘lisatz‘on, Researches and Development
‘in Freeze—dryÏng', Hermann, Paris, 1964.
‘
"
‘
_
‘
"
'
_
"
"
’
'
,
_
'
‘
REY“L. “Fùnda1ental aspects“of
:" L. Rey (Editer, Aspects Théoqaæ
‘Indz'zstr‘z‘elS
,
"de la.Lyophüisation,
andDelopmæt—in Freeze—drying, Hermann, ?aris, 1964.
ROBSON E. M. and ROWE T. W. G. “ The physics ofsecondary drying”, in : A. S. Parkes and A. U. Smith.
(Editors), Rece'nt Research in Freezing and Drying, Blackwell Scientic Publication, Oxford, 1960.
“ROWE_ T. W. G. “Energy, mass transfer and economy in large scale freeze—drying”, in : L. Rey (Editor),
Aspects._Thé01'iques et Industriels de la lyophilz‘sation, Resedrches and Development in Fr€èze-drying,_
;Hçfrmanmrræisj, 19644
_
;
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
physical problems
fteezing ”and dryinä of biblogicaläiaæah”,
mA S.“Pâl‘k6$»3dA._ U. Smith (Editors), Recent Research in Freezz‘ng and Drying, Blackwell Scientic
,,
Pùblication,—Oxford, 1960.
'
,
.
C.’
:
:
,
…
.;
ji.;“;:.g
low temperature “stage.—and dryiæ1g by
aCtivities"of vuusesand cellular
'in :. A. S. Parkes and _A. U_. Smith
Research in Freezzîng a‘nd Drÿing, Blackwell SCietic Publications, OXfoi‘d, 1960.
‘
f
_
‘
'
GREIFF D. and RIGHTSEDW. “The e‘ect‘s‘ on'the ”activities
rates
temperatures”of
freezing, cyclic freezing and thawîng, storage at low temperatures, or drying by submaüonin vacuo ”,
in : L. Rey (Editor), Aspects îhéorz‘qaes
dela L37oph_illsation,
_
‘
_Freeze—drying, Hermann,
l964_._
,
,
.
_.
,
_.
…
,
GREIFF D. and RIGHTSEL W. “
Fræiihg and FreeZe-drying"of‘Virùses’f,""izz' E‘H.
(Editor), Î'
'
Cryobiology, 1966.
,
"
'
‘
_
'
THERMAL DEGRÀDÀHON"Œ vmusas
121
,
similar mechanismwhich may involve
the
pf the ï‘hydr'ogen bonds
t° Protein °°guraüon
'
,
'
,
'
'
',
'
To test the e‘eCts of rehÿclratioii With cations on
of poliovirus, suspensiOns
of virus in Medium
Pat
dried by sublimationân…vacuo
at 0 °C
and rehydrated with Water, with 1 M NaCl in water orin Parke, Davis additive
(3.8 % Calcium
seiüî ÏaIb‘umin,
or
or
Parke, Davis additive._Dried suspensions
With water
legs of"titer.‘,The
results using
several
.,:…
»
water; loss
of titér.“
-
,
,
__
:
.
.
_
«2. Water + 1 M NaCl, _Parke, Davis additive, Parke, Davis
or
-
»
1 M MgClz;
loss of _2.0 logs of titer.
_
_
,
f
3.
"+ {1
of‘1‘j‘ibgf“pfjœr’t
'
'
'
,_
These data indicate that cations protect dried suspensions of poliovirus from the S‘tresses
of rehydration.
_
_
‘
REFERENCES
The authors, recognizing that scientists or students reading this chapter uncÏoubtedly have the necessary
library facilities and abities to ferret out those materials germiane to our discussions, have listed, in the
main, only review papers.
A. Characteristics of Virases
'
ANDREWES C. Viruses of“Vertebràtes, Wliarsîa‘nd‘Wkis‘ COL, Baltimore; 1964.
_
‘
"*
'
_' _
WILNER B. I.
Classÿîcaon of the
Groups of Human
Writs'es, 2ndEd., Cutter
LabOratories, Berkeley, l.Calif0mia,1964.»
-
,;
Ï.‘ ._…,
_
'.
'
-
,
B. Freezz‘ng
;
Ï‘ {'
…;
‘
…
:
,
=
'
GREIFF D._ædMsægs M. Enzymatic activities of mitochondria following freeng
in :L. Rey (Editer), AspeCts Théoriqaes
Lyophz‘lisatz‘on, Researches and Development
‘in Freeze—dryÏng', Hermann, Paris, 1964.
‘
"
‘
_
‘
"
'
_
"
"
’
'
,
_
'
‘
REY“L. “Fùnda1ental aspects“of
:" L. Rey (Editer, Aspects Théoqaæ
‘Indz'zstr‘z‘elS
,
"de la.Lyophüisation,
andDelopmæt—in Freeze—drying, Hermann, ?aris, 1964.
ROBSON E. M. and ROWE T. W. G. “ The physics ofsecondary drying”, in : A. S. Parkes and A. U. Smith.
(Editors), Rece'nt Research in Freezing and Drying, Blackwell Scientic Publication, Oxford, 1960.
“ROWE_ T. W. G. “Energy, mass transfer and economy in large scale freeze—drying”, in : L. Rey (Editor),
Aspects._Thé01'iques et Industriels de la lyophilz‘sation, Resedrches and Development in Fr€èze-drying,_
;Hçfrmanmrræisj, 19644
_
;
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
physical problems
fteezing ”and dryinä of biblogicaläiaæah”,
mA S.“Pâl‘k6$»3dA._ U. Smith (Editors), Recent Research in Freezz‘ng and Drying, Blackwell Scientic
,,
Pùblication,—Oxford, 1960.
'
,
.
C.’
:
:
,
…
.;
ji.;“;:.g
low temperature “stage.—and dryiæ1g by
aCtivities"of vuusesand cellular
'in :. A. S. Parkes and _A. U_. Smith
Research in Freezzîng a‘nd Drÿing, Blackwell SCietic Publications, OXfoi‘d, 1960.
‘
f
_
‘
'
GREIFF D. and RIGHTSEDW. “The e‘ect‘s‘ on'the ”activities
rates
temperatures”of
freezing, cyclic freezing and thawîng, storage at low temperatures, or drying by submaüonin vacuo ”,
in : L. Rey (Editor), Aspects îhéorz‘qaes
dela L37oph_illsation,
_
‘
_Freeze—drying, Hermann,
l964_._
,
,
.
_.
,
_.
…
,
GREIFF D. and RIGHTSEL W. “
Fræiihg and FreeZe-drying"of‘Virùses’f,""izz' E‘H.
(Editor), Î'
'
Cryobiology, 1966.
,
"
'
‘
_