'
ICE
ICE
lu
2
V
.
Œ
m
WATER
SUPER—
SUPER'CE
5
_
COOLED
cooœo
:
_‘
WATER
WATER
_
.
v
_
.
_
Ï
253
w
_
FuRTHER
.
..
GROWTH
i
.]
.
U
.
_10c‘
_‘O.C
—15'C,
.
CRITICAL RADIUS rr)
CRITICAL RADIUS (r)
CRlT|CAL RAD|US (,.)
.
,
"’
‘”
=40Â
=25 Â
.
,
FIGURE ]. Schematic drawing of hypothetical growth of extracellular ice crystal through aqueous channel
in cell membrane and subsequent seeding of intracellular water. Ice crystal of requ1red rad1us of curvature
can exist only at —— 15 °C or below.
“...
:
.
.
'
-
.
)
'
'
,
a
Î
‘
Ï‘ë‘
'
”
*‘
.
_
:’
*
‘
Î
"‘
\
FIGURE 2. Electron lTliCl‘ogI—aph of human red cell
_
__
_
_
__
‘ _ _
showing the cell membrane ruptured as the result
_
‘
—
of freezing and thawing.
_
_.__…-…
,___…,__
ICE
ICE
lu
2
V
.
Œ
m
WATER
SUPER—
SUPER'CE
5
_
COOLED
cooœo
:
_‘
WATER
WATER
_
.
v
_
.
_
Ï
253
w
_
FuRTHER
.
..
GROWTH
i
.]
.
U
.
_10c‘
_‘O.C
—15'C,
.
CRITICAL RADIUS rr)
CRITICAL RADIUS (r)
CRlT|CAL RAD|US (,.)
.
,
"’
‘”
=40Â
=25 Â
.
,
FIGURE ]. Schematic drawing of hypothetical growth of extracellular ice crystal through aqueous channel
in cell membrane and subsequent seeding of intracellular water. Ice crystal of requ1red rad1us of curvature
can exist only at —— 15 °C or below.
“...
:
.
.
'
-
.
)
'
'
,
a
Î
‘
Ï‘ë‘
'
”
*‘
.
_
:’
*
‘
Î
"‘
\
FIGURE 2. Electron lTliCl‘ogI—aph of human red cell
_
__
_
_
__
‘ _ _
showing the cell membrane ruptured as the result
_
‘
—
of freezing and thawing.
_
_.__…-…
,___…,__