268
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journal.pone.0002586
Carwardine , J. , Klein , C.J. , Wilson , K.A. , Pressey , R.L. &
Possingham , H.P. ( 2009 ) Hitting the target and missing the
point: target - based conservation planning in context .
Conservation Letters , 2 , 4 – 11 .
Cassey , P. , Lockwood , J.L. , Blackburn , T.M. & Olden , J.D.
( 2007 ) Spatial scale and evolutionary history determine
the degree of taxonomic homogenization across island bird
assemblages . Diversity and Distributions , 13 , 458 – 466 .
Castro , S.A. & Jaksic , F.M. ( 2008 ) How general are global
trends in biotic homogenization? Floristic tracking in Chile,
South America . Global Ecology and Biogeography , 17 ,
524 – 531 .
Castro , S.A. , Mu ñ oz , M. & Jaksic , F.M. ( 2007 ) Transit towards
fl oristic homogenization on oceanic islands in the south -
eastern Pacifi c: comparing pre - European and current
fl oras . Journal of Biogeography , 34 , 213 – 222 .
Caughley , G. ( 1994 ) Directions in conservation biology .
Journal of Animal Ecology , 63 , 215 – 244 .
Chan , K.M.A. , Shaw , M.R. , Cameron , D.R. , Underwood , E.C.
& Daily , G.C. ( 2006 ) Conservation planning for ecosystem
services . PLoS Biology , 4 , 379 .
Channell , R. & Lomolino , M.V. ( 2000 ) Trajectories to extinction: spatial dynamics of the contraction of geographical
ranges . Journal of Biogeography , 27 , 169 – 179 .
Chape , S. , Fish , L. , Fox , P. & Spalding , M. ( 2003 ) United Nations
List of Protected Areas. IUCN/UNEP, Gland , Switzerland/
Cambridge, UK .
Chape , S. , Harrison , J. , Spalding , M. & Lysenko , I. ( 2005 )
Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas
as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets .
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences , 360 , 443 – 455 .
Chapin , F.S. , III , Callaghan , T.V. , Bergeron , Y. , Fukuda , M. ,
Johnstone , J.F. , Juday , G. & Zimov , S.A. ( 2004 ) Global
change and the boreal forest: thresholds, shifting states or
gradual change? Ambio , 33 , 361 – 365 .
Cheung , C.P.S. , Ali ñ o , P.M. , Uychiaoco , A.J. & Arceo , H.A.
( 2002 ) Marine Protected Areas in Southeast Asia , ASEAN
Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Department
of Environment and Natural Resources , Los Banos,
Philippines .
Cheung , W. , Alder , J. , Karpouzi , V. , Watson , R. , Lam , V. , Day , C. ,
Kaschner , K. & Pauly , D. ( 2005 ) Patterns of species richness in
the high seas . Convention on Biological Diversity , Montreal .
Chiba , S. ( 2004 ) Ecological and morphological patterns in
communities of land snails of the genus Mandarina from
the Bonin Islands . Journal of Evolutionary Biology , 17 ,
131 – 143 .
Chown , S.L. , van Rensburg , B.J. , Gaston , K.J. , Rodrigues ,
A.S.L. & van Jaarsveld , A.S. ( 2003 ) Energy, species richness,
and human population size: conservation implications at a
national scale . Ecological Applications , 13 , 1233 – 1241 .
Christie , M. , Hanley , N. , Warren , J. , Murphy , K. , Wright , R. &
Hyde , T. ( 2005 ) Valuing the diversity of biodiversity .
Ecological Economics , 58 , 304 – 317 .
Christie , P. ( 2004 ) Marine protected areas as biological successes and social failures in Southeast Asia . American
Fisheries Society Symposium , 42 , 155 – 164 .
Clavero , M. & Garc í a - Berthou , E. ( 2005 ) Invasive species are
a leading cause of animal extinctions . Trends in Ecology &
Evolution , 12 , 10 .
Clavero , M. & Garc í a - Berthou , E. ( 2006 ) Homogenization
dynamics and introduction routes of invasive freshwater
fi sh in the Iberian Peninsula . Ecological Applications , 16 ,
2313 – 2324 .
Clements , F.E. ( 1916 ) Plant succession: an analysis of the
development of vegetation . Carnegie Institution , Washington,
DC .
Clements , F.E. ( 1934 ) The relict method in dynamic ecology .
Journal of Ecology , 22 , 39 – 68 .
Clements , F.E. & Shelford , V.E. ( 1939 ) Bio - ecology . Chapman
and Hall , New York .
Clergeau , P. , Croci , S. , Jokim ä ki , J. , Kaisanlahti - Jokim ä ki , M. -
L. & Dinetti , M. ( 2006 ) Avifauna homogenization by urbanisation: analysis at different European latitudes . Biological
Conservation , 127 , 336 – 344 .
Cocks , K.D. & Baird , I.A. ( 1989 ) Using mathematical programming to address the multiple reserve selection
problem: an example from the Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia . Biological Conservation , 49 , 113 – 130 .
Cody , M.L. ( 2006 ) Plants on islands: diversity and dynamics on
a continental archipelago . University of California Press ,
Berkeley, CA .
Cohen , A.N. & Carlton , J.T. ( 1998 ) Accelerating invasion rate
in a highly invaded estuary . Science , 279 , 555 – 557 .
Colautti , R.I. & MacIsaac , H.J. ( 2004 ) A neutral terminology
to defi ne ‘ invasive ’ species . Diversity and Distributions , 10 ,
135 – 141 .
Colby , M.E. ( 1991 ) Environmental management in development: the evolution of paradigms . Ecological Economics , 3 ,
193 – 213 .
Colding , J. & Folke , C. ( 2001 ) Social taboos: ‘ invisible ’ systems
of local resource management and biological conservation .
Ecological Applications , 11 , 584 – 600 .
Colinvaux , P.A. & De Oliveira , P.E. ( 2000 ) Palaeoecology and
climate of the Amazon basin during the last glacial cycle .
Journal of Quaternary Science , 15 , 347 – 356 .
Collar , N.J. & Andrew , P.A. ( 1988 ) Birds to watch: the ICBP
world checklist of threatened birds . ICBP technical publications No. 8, International Council for Bird Preservation ,
Cambridge, UK .
Collen , B. , Ram , M. , Zamin , T. & McRae , L. ( 2008 ) The tropical
biodiversity data gap: addressing disparity in global monitoring . Tropical Conservation Science , 1 , 75 – 88 .
Collingham , Y.C. , Wadsworth , R.A. , Huntley , B. & Hulme , P.E.
( 2000 ) Predicting the spatial distribution of non -
References
spatial priority setting . PLoS ONE , 3 , e2586 . doi: 10.1371/
journal.pone.0002586
Carwardine , J. , Klein , C.J. , Wilson , K.A. , Pressey , R.L. &
Possingham , H.P. ( 2009 ) Hitting the target and missing the
point: target - based conservation planning in context .
Conservation Letters , 2 , 4 – 11 .
Cassey , P. , Lockwood , J.L. , Blackburn , T.M. & Olden , J.D.
( 2007 ) Spatial scale and evolutionary history determine
the degree of taxonomic homogenization across island bird
assemblages . Diversity and Distributions , 13 , 458 – 466 .
Castro , S.A. & Jaksic , F.M. ( 2008 ) How general are global
trends in biotic homogenization? Floristic tracking in Chile,
South America . Global Ecology and Biogeography , 17 ,
524 – 531 .
Castro , S.A. , Mu ñ oz , M. & Jaksic , F.M. ( 2007 ) Transit towards
fl oristic homogenization on oceanic islands in the south -
eastern Pacifi c: comparing pre - European and current
fl oras . Journal of Biogeography , 34 , 213 – 222 .
Caughley , G. ( 1994 ) Directions in conservation biology .
Journal of Animal Ecology , 63 , 215 – 244 .
Chan , K.M.A. , Shaw , M.R. , Cameron , D.R. , Underwood , E.C.
& Daily , G.C. ( 2006 ) Conservation planning for ecosystem
services . PLoS Biology , 4 , 379 .
Channell , R. & Lomolino , M.V. ( 2000 ) Trajectories to extinction: spatial dynamics of the contraction of geographical
ranges . Journal of Biogeography , 27 , 169 – 179 .
Chape , S. , Fish , L. , Fox , P. & Spalding , M. ( 2003 ) United Nations
List of Protected Areas. IUCN/UNEP, Gland , Switzerland/
Cambridge, UK .
Chape , S. , Harrison , J. , Spalding , M. & Lysenko , I. ( 2005 )
Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas
as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets .
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological
Sciences , 360 , 443 – 455 .
Chapin , F.S. , III , Callaghan , T.V. , Bergeron , Y. , Fukuda , M. ,
Johnstone , J.F. , Juday , G. & Zimov , S.A. ( 2004 ) Global
change and the boreal forest: thresholds, shifting states or
gradual change? Ambio , 33 , 361 – 365 .
Cheung , C.P.S. , Ali ñ o , P.M. , Uychiaoco , A.J. & Arceo , H.A.
( 2002 ) Marine Protected Areas in Southeast Asia , ASEAN
Regional Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Department
of Environment and Natural Resources , Los Banos,
Philippines .
Cheung , W. , Alder , J. , Karpouzi , V. , Watson , R. , Lam , V. , Day , C. ,
Kaschner , K. & Pauly , D. ( 2005 ) Patterns of species richness in
the high seas . Convention on Biological Diversity , Montreal .
Chiba , S. ( 2004 ) Ecological and morphological patterns in
communities of land snails of the genus Mandarina from
the Bonin Islands . Journal of Evolutionary Biology , 17 ,
131 – 143 .
Chown , S.L. , van Rensburg , B.J. , Gaston , K.J. , Rodrigues ,
A.S.L. & van Jaarsveld , A.S. ( 2003 ) Energy, species richness,
and human population size: conservation implications at a
national scale . Ecological Applications , 13 , 1233 – 1241 .
Christie , M. , Hanley , N. , Warren , J. , Murphy , K. , Wright , R. &
Hyde , T. ( 2005 ) Valuing the diversity of biodiversity .
Ecological Economics , 58 , 304 – 317 .
Christie , P. ( 2004 ) Marine protected areas as biological successes and social failures in Southeast Asia . American
Fisheries Society Symposium , 42 , 155 – 164 .
Clavero , M. & Garc í a - Berthou , E. ( 2005 ) Invasive species are
a leading cause of animal extinctions . Trends in Ecology &
Evolution , 12 , 10 .
Clavero , M. & Garc í a - Berthou , E. ( 2006 ) Homogenization
dynamics and introduction routes of invasive freshwater
fi sh in the Iberian Peninsula . Ecological Applications , 16 ,
2313 – 2324 .
Clements , F.E. ( 1916 ) Plant succession: an analysis of the
development of vegetation . Carnegie Institution , Washington,
DC .
Clements , F.E. ( 1934 ) The relict method in dynamic ecology .
Journal of Ecology , 22 , 39 – 68 .
Clements , F.E. & Shelford , V.E. ( 1939 ) Bio - ecology . Chapman
and Hall , New York .
Clergeau , P. , Croci , S. , Jokim ä ki , J. , Kaisanlahti - Jokim ä ki , M. -
L. & Dinetti , M. ( 2006 ) Avifauna homogenization by urbanisation: analysis at different European latitudes . Biological
Conservation , 127 , 336 – 344 .
Cocks , K.D. & Baird , I.A. ( 1989 ) Using mathematical programming to address the multiple reserve selection
problem: an example from the Eyre Peninsula, South
Australia . Biological Conservation , 49 , 113 – 130 .
Cody , M.L. ( 2006 ) Plants on islands: diversity and dynamics on
a continental archipelago . University of California Press ,
Berkeley, CA .
Cohen , A.N. & Carlton , J.T. ( 1998 ) Accelerating invasion rate
in a highly invaded estuary . Science , 279 , 555 – 557 .
Colautti , R.I. & MacIsaac , H.J. ( 2004 ) A neutral terminology
to defi ne ‘ invasive ’ species . Diversity and Distributions , 10 ,
135 – 141 .
Colby , M.E. ( 1991 ) Environmental management in development: the evolution of paradigms . Ecological Economics , 3 ,
193 – 213 .
Colding , J. & Folke , C. ( 2001 ) Social taboos: ‘ invisible ’ systems
of local resource management and biological conservation .
Ecological Applications , 11 , 584 – 600 .
Colinvaux , P.A. & De Oliveira , P.E. ( 2000 ) Palaeoecology and
climate of the Amazon basin during the last glacial cycle .
Journal of Quaternary Science , 15 , 347 – 356 .
Collar , N.J. & Andrew , P.A. ( 1988 ) Birds to watch: the ICBP
world checklist of threatened birds . ICBP technical publications No. 8, International Council for Bird Preservation ,
Cambridge, UK .
Collen , B. , Ram , M. , Zamin , T. & McRae , L. ( 2008 ) The tropical
biodiversity data gap: addressing disparity in global monitoring . Tropical Conservation Science , 1 , 75 – 88 .
Collingham , Y.C. , Wadsworth , R.A. , Huntley , B. & Hulme , P.E.
( 2000 ) Predicting the spatial distribution of non -