Future directions
255
Table 10.3 Some examples of citizen science programmes, (a) highlighting the scale of some prominent schemes;
and (b) highlighting the nature of the involvement, skills and training involved and the means of communication of
fi ndings (from Devictor et al ., 2010 , their Tables 1 and 3) .
(a)
Issue
Type
Name
Characteristic
Website (all after
http//www.)
Country
a Spatial scale
Regional
Appalachian
Mountain
Watch
Mountains
outdoors.org/
conservation/
mountainwatch
USA
National
French Garden
Butterfl y
Monitoring
France
noeconservation.org
France
Continental
Spider
WebWatch
North America
spiderwebwatch.org
USA,
Canada
Worldwide
e - bird
worldwide
ebird.org/content/
ebird
World
b Temporal scale Long - term
data set
Christmas Bird
Count
since 1900
audubon.org/bird/
cbc/
USA,
Canada
Medium - term
data set
UK Butterfl y
Monitoring
Scheme
since 1976
ukbms.org
UK
Few years old
programmes
FrogwatchUSA since 1998
nwf.org/
USA
c Sample size
High
Nest Watch
> 25,000 people
birds.cornell.edu
USA
Very High
Big Garden
Bird Watch
> 40,0000 people
rspb.org.uk/
birdwatch/
UK
(b)
Issue
Type
Name
Characteristic
Website (all after
http//www.)
Country
a Skill
Beginner
French Garden
Butterfl y
Observatory
no skill required
noeconservation.org
France
Intermediate
Nocturnal Owl
Survey
ability to identify
few species
bsc - eoc.org/volunteer Canada
Confi rmed
French
Butterfl y
Monitoring
ability to identify
many species
mnhn.fr/vigie - nature
France
b Time required
Occasional
observation
e - bird
no commitment
ebird.org/content/
ebird
World
One - day event
per year
Bailly
Birdathlon
during a 24 - hour
period in May, to
fi nd as many bird
species as
possible
bsc - eoc.org/support/
birdathon
USA,
Canada