78
Martin V. ANGEL
of calanoid copepods collected on the SOND cruise, 1965: the
total population and general discussion. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK,
52: 277−314.
Roe, H.S.J., 1984. The diel migrations and distributions within a
mesopelagic community in the northeast Atlantic. 4. The copepods.
Prog. Oceanogr., 13: 353−388.
Rowe, G.T., 1983. Biomass and production of the deep-sea
macrobenthos. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), Deep-Sea Biology, The
Sea, Vol. 8. Wiley, New York, pp. 97–122.
Sarmiento, J.L., Orr, J.C. and Siegenthaler, U., 1992. A perturbation
simulation of CO 2 uptake in an ocean general circulation model.
J. Geophys. Res., 97(C3): 2621−3645.
Sathyendranath, S. and Platt, T., 1990. The light field in the ocean: its
modification and exploitation by the pelagic biota. In: P.J. Herring,
A.K. Campbell, M. Whitfield and L. Maddock (Editors), Light and
Life in the Sea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3–
18.
Schlosser, P., B¨ onisch, G., Kromer, B., Loosli, H.H., B¨ uhler, R., Bayer,
R., Bonani, G. and Koltermann, K.P., 1995. Mid-1980’s distribution
of tritium, 3 He, 14 C and 39 Ar in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas
and the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 35:
1−28.
Scotto di Carlo, B., Ianora, A., Mazzocchi, M.G. and Scardi, M.,
1991. Atlantis II cruise: uniformity of deep copepod assemblages
in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Plankton Res., 13: 263−277.
Shimmield, G.B., Derrick, S., Mackensen, A., Grobe, H. and
Pusey, C., 1994. The history of barium, biogenic silica and
organic carbon accumulation in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic
Ocean over the last 150,000 years. In: R. Zahn, M. Kaminsky,
L. Labeyrie and T. Pedersen (Editors), Carbon Cycling in the
Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change.
NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change 17. Springer,
Berlin, pp. 555–574.
Silver, M.W., Coale, S.L., Pilskaln, C.H. and Steinberg, D.R., 1998.
Giant aggregates: importance as microbial centers and agents of
material flux in the mesopelagic zone. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43:
498−507.
Smethie Jr., W.M., 1993. Tracing the thermohaline circulation in the
western North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr., 31: 51−99.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Smith, C.R., Maybaum, H.L., Baco, A.R., Pope, R.H., Carpenter,
S.D., Yager, P.L., Macko, S.A. and Deming, J.W., 1998. Sediment
community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep northeast
Pacific: macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 45: 335−364.
Smith, D.C., Fenton, G.E., Robertson, S.G. and Short, S.A., 1995.
Age determination and growth of orange roughy (Hoplostethus
atlanticus): a comparison of annulus counts with radiometric
ageing. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 52: 391−401.
Smith, S.L., 1984. Biological interactions of active upwelling in the
northwestern Indian Ocean in 1964 and 1979, and a comparison
with Peru and northwest Africa. Deep-Sea Res., 31: 951−967.
Sokolova, M.N., 1990. Macrobenthic trophic structure on the Atlantic
Ocean floor. Trudy Inst. Okeanol., 126: 20−39.
Steinberg, D.K., Carlson, C.A., Bates, N.R., Goldthwait, S.A., Madin,
L.P. and Michaels, A.F., 2000. Zooplankton vertical migration and
the active transport of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in
the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. I, 47: 137−158.
Stuiver, M., Quay, P.D. and Ostlund, H.G., 1983. Abyssal water
carbon-14 distribution and age of the World ocean. Science, 220:
849−851.
Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.-C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L. and
Zeitzschel, B. (Editors), 1995a. Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern
Processes and Ancient Records. Dahlem Workshop Reports,
Environmental Sciences Research Reports 18. Wiley, Chicester,
418 pp.
Summerhayes, C.P., Kroon, D., Rosell-Mel´ e, A., Jordan, R.W.,
Schrader, H.-J., Hearn, R., Villanueva, J., Grimalt, J.O. and
Eglinton, G., 1995b. Variability in the Benguela Current upwelling
system over the past 70,000 years. Prog. Oceanogr., 35: 207−251.
Taylor, J.D., 1997. Diversity and structure of tropical Indo-Pacific
benthic communities: relation to regimes of nutrient input. In:
R.F.G. Ormond, J. Gage and M.V. Angel (Editors), Marine
Biodiversity: Patterns and Processes. Cambridge University Press,
pp. 178–200.
Tett, P. and Barton, E.D., 1995. Why are there about 5000 species of
phytoplankton in the sea? J. Plankton Res., 17: 1693−1704.
Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J.,
Hemleben, Ch., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W.
and Riemann, F., 1988/89. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a
central oceanic region of the North-east Atlantic. Biol. Oceanogr.,
6: 203−239.
Thorpe, S.A., 1995. Dynamical processes of transfer at the sea
surface. Prog. Oceanogr., 35: 315−352.
Thuesen, E.V. and Childress, J.J., 1993a. Enzymatic activities and
metabolic rates of pelagic chaetognaths: lack of depth related
declines. Limnol. Oceanogr., 38: 935−948.
Thuesen, E.V. and Childress, J.J., 1993b. Metabolic rates,
enzyme activities and chemical composition of some deep-sea
pelagic worms, particularly Nectonemertes mirabilis (Nemertea;
Hoplonemertinea) and Poeobius meseres (Annelida; Polychaeta).
Deep-Sea Res., 40: 937−951.
Thuesen, E.V. and Childress, J.J., 1994. Oxygen consumption rates
and metabolic enzyme activities of oceanic Californian medusae in
relation to body size and habitat depth. Biol. Bull., 187: 84−98.
Thurston, M.H., 1979. Scavenging abyssal amphipods from the
North-East Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol., 51: 55−68.
Thurston, M.H., 1990. Abyssal necrophagous amphipods (Crustacea:
Amphipoda) in the northeast and tropical Atlantic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr., 24: 257−274.
Torres, J.J. and Somero, G.N., 1988. Metabolism, enzymatic activities
and cold adaptation in Antarctic mesopelagic fishes. Mar. Biol.,
98: 169−180.
Torres, J.J., Belman, B.W. and Childress, J.J., 1979. Oxygen
consumption rates of midwater fishes as a function of depth of
occurrence. Deep-Sea Res., 26: 185−197.
Urick, R.J., 1975. Principles of Underwater Sound, 2nd Edition.
McGraw-Hill, New York.
Van Couwelaar, M., Angel, M.V. and Madin, L.P., 1997. The
distribution and biology of the swimming crab Charybdis smithii
McLeay 1838 (Crustacea: Brachyura; Portunidae) in the NW
Indian Ocean. In: T.C.E. Van Weering, W. Helder and P. Schalk
(Editor), Topical Studies in Oceanography, Netherlands Indian
Ocean Program 1992−1993: First results. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44:
1251−1280.
Martin V. ANGEL
of calanoid copepods collected on the SOND cruise, 1965: the
total population and general discussion. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK,
52: 277−314.
Roe, H.S.J., 1984. The diel migrations and distributions within a
mesopelagic community in the northeast Atlantic. 4. The copepods.
Prog. Oceanogr., 13: 353−388.
Rowe, G.T., 1983. Biomass and production of the deep-sea
macrobenthos. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), Deep-Sea Biology, The
Sea, Vol. 8. Wiley, New York, pp. 97–122.
Sarmiento, J.L., Orr, J.C. and Siegenthaler, U., 1992. A perturbation
simulation of CO 2 uptake in an ocean general circulation model.
J. Geophys. Res., 97(C3): 2621−3645.
Sathyendranath, S. and Platt, T., 1990. The light field in the ocean: its
modification and exploitation by the pelagic biota. In: P.J. Herring,
A.K. Campbell, M. Whitfield and L. Maddock (Editors), Light and
Life in the Sea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 3–
18.
Schlosser, P., B¨ onisch, G., Kromer, B., Loosli, H.H., B¨ uhler, R., Bayer,
R., Bonani, G. and Koltermann, K.P., 1995. Mid-1980’s distribution
of tritium, 3 He, 14 C and 39 Ar in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas
and the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 35:
1−28.
Scotto di Carlo, B., Ianora, A., Mazzocchi, M.G. and Scardi, M.,
1991. Atlantis II cruise: uniformity of deep copepod assemblages
in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Plankton Res., 13: 263−277.
Shimmield, G.B., Derrick, S., Mackensen, A., Grobe, H. and
Pusey, C., 1994. The history of barium, biogenic silica and
organic carbon accumulation in the Weddell Sea and Antarctic
Ocean over the last 150,000 years. In: R. Zahn, M. Kaminsky,
L. Labeyrie and T. Pedersen (Editors), Carbon Cycling in the
Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean’s Role in Global Change.
NATO ASI Series I: Global Environmental Change 17. Springer,
Berlin, pp. 555–574.
Silver, M.W., Coale, S.L., Pilskaln, C.H. and Steinberg, D.R., 1998.
Giant aggregates: importance as microbial centers and agents of
material flux in the mesopelagic zone. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43:
498−507.
Smethie Jr., W.M., 1993. Tracing the thermohaline circulation in the
western North Atlantic. Prog. Oceanogr., 31: 51−99.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Smith, C.R., Maybaum, H.L., Baco, A.R., Pope, R.H., Carpenter,
S.D., Yager, P.L., Macko, S.A. and Deming, J.W., 1998. Sediment
community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep northeast
Pacific: macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 45: 335−364.
Smith, D.C., Fenton, G.E., Robertson, S.G. and Short, S.A., 1995.
Age determination and growth of orange roughy (Hoplostethus
atlanticus): a comparison of annulus counts with radiometric
ageing. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 52: 391−401.
Smith, S.L., 1984. Biological interactions of active upwelling in the
northwestern Indian Ocean in 1964 and 1979, and a comparison
with Peru and northwest Africa. Deep-Sea Res., 31: 951−967.
Sokolova, M.N., 1990. Macrobenthic trophic structure on the Atlantic
Ocean floor. Trudy Inst. Okeanol., 126: 20−39.
Steinberg, D.K., Carlson, C.A., Bates, N.R., Goldthwait, S.A., Madin,
L.P. and Michaels, A.F., 2000. Zooplankton vertical migration and
the active transport of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon in
the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. I, 47: 137−158.
Stuiver, M., Quay, P.D. and Ostlund, H.G., 1983. Abyssal water
carbon-14 distribution and age of the World ocean. Science, 220:
849−851.
Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.-C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L. and
Zeitzschel, B. (Editors), 1995a. Upwelling in the Ocean: Modern
Processes and Ancient Records. Dahlem Workshop Reports,
Environmental Sciences Research Reports 18. Wiley, Chicester,
418 pp.
Summerhayes, C.P., Kroon, D., Rosell-Mel´ e, A., Jordan, R.W.,
Schrader, H.-J., Hearn, R., Villanueva, J., Grimalt, J.O. and
Eglinton, G., 1995b. Variability in the Benguela Current upwelling
system over the past 70,000 years. Prog. Oceanogr., 35: 207−251.
Taylor, J.D., 1997. Diversity and structure of tropical Indo-Pacific
benthic communities: relation to regimes of nutrient input. In:
R.F.G. Ormond, J. Gage and M.V. Angel (Editors), Marine
Biodiversity: Patterns and Processes. Cambridge University Press,
pp. 178–200.
Tett, P. and Barton, E.D., 1995. Why are there about 5000 species of
phytoplankton in the sea? J. Plankton Res., 17: 1693−1704.
Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J.,
Hemleben, Ch., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W.
and Riemann, F., 1988/89. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a
central oceanic region of the North-east Atlantic. Biol. Oceanogr.,
6: 203−239.
Thorpe, S.A., 1995. Dynamical processes of transfer at the sea
surface. Prog. Oceanogr., 35: 315−352.
Thuesen, E.V. and Childress, J.J., 1993a. Enzymatic activities and
metabolic rates of pelagic chaetognaths: lack of depth related
declines. Limnol. Oceanogr., 38: 935−948.
Thuesen, E.V. and Childress, J.J., 1993b. Metabolic rates,
enzyme activities and chemical composition of some deep-sea
pelagic worms, particularly Nectonemertes mirabilis (Nemertea;
Hoplonemertinea) and Poeobius meseres (Annelida; Polychaeta).
Deep-Sea Res., 40: 937−951.
Thuesen, E.V. and Childress, J.J., 1994. Oxygen consumption rates
and metabolic enzyme activities of oceanic Californian medusae in
relation to body size and habitat depth. Biol. Bull., 187: 84−98.
Thurston, M.H., 1979. Scavenging abyssal amphipods from the
North-East Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol., 51: 55−68.
Thurston, M.H., 1990. Abyssal necrophagous amphipods (Crustacea:
Amphipoda) in the northeast and tropical Atlantic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr., 24: 257−274.
Torres, J.J. and Somero, G.N., 1988. Metabolism, enzymatic activities
and cold adaptation in Antarctic mesopelagic fishes. Mar. Biol.,
98: 169−180.
Torres, J.J., Belman, B.W. and Childress, J.J., 1979. Oxygen
consumption rates of midwater fishes as a function of depth of
occurrence. Deep-Sea Res., 26: 185−197.
Urick, R.J., 1975. Principles of Underwater Sound, 2nd Edition.
McGraw-Hill, New York.
Van Couwelaar, M., Angel, M.V. and Madin, L.P., 1997. The
distribution and biology of the swimming crab Charybdis smithii
McLeay 1838 (Crustacea: Brachyura; Portunidae) in the NW
Indian Ocean. In: T.C.E. Van Weering, W. Helder and P. Schalk
(Editor), Topical Studies in Oceanography, Netherlands Indian
Ocean Program 1992−1993: First results. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44:
1251−1280.