552
GENERAL INDEX
Pacific Ocean (cont’d)
– oxygen, 182, 184, 185
– oxygen depletion, 44
– oxygen minimum zones, 197–199
– particle flux, 321
– peripheral seas, 261
– physical characteristics, 179–182
– phytodetritus
– – composition, 325
– – mass deposition, 323
– – reactive state, 325
– – seasonality, 325
– – spatial variability, 326
– phytoplankton production compared to the Atlantic Ocean, 51
– plant remains, 354
– polychaetes, 386
– rebound flux, 329
– remineralization, 335
– reproductive periodicity, 383
– scavengers, 203
– seamounts, 210, 211
– seasonal migration, 60
– sediment traps, 72, 346
– sediments, 179, 183
– sources of organic carbon, 363
– species distribution, 186–189, 206–208
– Station ‘M’ (California slope), 328, 336–338, 345, 348, 352,
363
– submarine canyons, 197
– temporal patterns of diversity, 306
– trenches, 179, 211, 212
– trophic coupling, 350
– upwelling, 67, 199
– vent location, 82
– vertical flux, 44, 185, 186, 200
– – variability, 350
– vertical migration, 60
– very fine particles, 320
– zones of primary production, 17
Pacific–Antarctic Ridge (Southern/Pacific Oceans), 249
pack-ice, 48
pairing in reproduction, 411
pairway behaviour, 401
paleoceanography, 114, 295, 304, 306
paleoclimatic change, 305
paleoclimatology, 306
palm fronds as debris on seafloor, 408
Panama Isthmus, 45, 61
Pangea, 45, 46, 111, 263
Papua, New Guinea (Indonesia), 272
paraonids, 124, 126, 150, 164, 204, 229
paraspermatozoa, 401
partial pressure of gases, 73
particle adhesion, 319
particle aggregates, 319, 328, 330, 331
– deposition, 328
– hydrodynamic sorting, 331
– lateral transport, 331
particle burial, 339
particle cameras, 331
particle capture, 341
particle disaggregation
– by biological processes, 328
particle dynamics, 326–331
– continental margin, 330, 331
– downslope processes, 330, 331
– within the benthic boundary layer, 327, 328
particle export flux, 321
particle flux, 132, 179, 181, 182, 318, 339, 360, 365, 366
– Antarctic, 321
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 131
– – Northeast Atlantic, 121
– episodic, 321, 323, 325
– exported from euphotic zone, 363
– factors controlling the flux, 185
– faeces from vertical migrators, 363
– interannual variability, 325, 326
– large-scale patterns, 321
– latitudinal trends, 321
– midwater utilization, 317, 318
– near-bottom, 364
– organic composition, 333
– passive, 313
– pattern, 320, 321
– polar areas, 321
– quantification, 320–326
– regional-scale differences, 321
– relations to euphotic zone, 321
– seasonality, 333
– seasonality in composition, 321
– skeletal material, 318
– small particles, 332–353
– spatial variability, 325, 336
– temporal patterns, 322, 323
– variability, 321
particle ingestion, 342
particle interception
– active, 341
– passive, 340
particle mixing coefficients, 164
particle mixing rate, 163
particle rain, 366
– passive, 366
– seasonality, 321
– transient events, 318
particle reingestion, 339
particle remineralization
– in the benthic boundary layer, 333, 334
particle repackaging, 318
particle scavenging, 331
– in water column, 346
particle selection, 339, 341, 348
particle subduction, 348, 351
– rapid subduction by deposit feeders, 352
particle transport, 314, 316, 318, 327, 328, 353, 364, 365
– biological, 315, 363
– contamination, 430
GENERAL INDEX
Pacific Ocean (cont’d)
– oxygen, 182, 184, 185
– oxygen depletion, 44
– oxygen minimum zones, 197–199
– particle flux, 321
– peripheral seas, 261
– physical characteristics, 179–182
– phytodetritus
– – composition, 325
– – mass deposition, 323
– – reactive state, 325
– – seasonality, 325
– – spatial variability, 326
– phytoplankton production compared to the Atlantic Ocean, 51
– plant remains, 354
– polychaetes, 386
– rebound flux, 329
– remineralization, 335
– reproductive periodicity, 383
– scavengers, 203
– seamounts, 210, 211
– seasonal migration, 60
– sediment traps, 72, 346
– sediments, 179, 183
– sources of organic carbon, 363
– species distribution, 186–189, 206–208
– Station ‘M’ (California slope), 328, 336–338, 345, 348, 352,
363
– submarine canyons, 197
– temporal patterns of diversity, 306
– trenches, 179, 211, 212
– trophic coupling, 350
– upwelling, 67, 199
– vent location, 82
– vertical flux, 44, 185, 186, 200
– – variability, 350
– vertical migration, 60
– very fine particles, 320
– zones of primary production, 17
Pacific–Antarctic Ridge (Southern/Pacific Oceans), 249
pack-ice, 48
pairing in reproduction, 411
pairway behaviour, 401
paleoceanography, 114, 295, 304, 306
paleoclimatic change, 305
paleoclimatology, 306
palm fronds as debris on seafloor, 408
Panama Isthmus, 45, 61
Pangea, 45, 46, 111, 263
Papua, New Guinea (Indonesia), 272
paraonids, 124, 126, 150, 164, 204, 229
paraspermatozoa, 401
partial pressure of gases, 73
particle adhesion, 319
particle aggregates, 319, 328, 330, 331
– deposition, 328
– hydrodynamic sorting, 331
– lateral transport, 331
particle burial, 339
particle cameras, 331
particle capture, 341
particle disaggregation
– by biological processes, 328
particle dynamics, 326–331
– continental margin, 330, 331
– downslope processes, 330, 331
– within the benthic boundary layer, 327, 328
particle export flux, 321
particle flux, 132, 179, 181, 182, 318, 339, 360, 365, 366
– Antarctic, 321
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 131
– – Northeast Atlantic, 121
– episodic, 321, 323, 325
– exported from euphotic zone, 363
– factors controlling the flux, 185
– faeces from vertical migrators, 363
– interannual variability, 325, 326
– large-scale patterns, 321
– latitudinal trends, 321
– midwater utilization, 317, 318
– near-bottom, 364
– organic composition, 333
– passive, 313
– pattern, 320, 321
– polar areas, 321
– quantification, 320–326
– regional-scale differences, 321
– relations to euphotic zone, 321
– seasonality, 333
– seasonality in composition, 321
– skeletal material, 318
– small particles, 332–353
– spatial variability, 325, 336
– temporal patterns, 322, 323
– variability, 321
particle ingestion, 342
particle interception
– active, 341
– passive, 340
particle mixing coefficients, 164
particle mixing rate, 163
particle rain, 366
– passive, 366
– seasonality, 321
– transient events, 318
particle reingestion, 339
particle remineralization
– in the benthic boundary layer, 333, 334
particle repackaging, 318
particle scavenging, 331
– in water column, 346
particle selection, 339, 341, 348
particle subduction, 348, 351
– rapid subduction by deposit feeders, 352
particle transport, 314, 316, 318, 327, 328, 353, 364, 365
– biological, 315, 363
– contamination, 430