532
GENERAL INDEX
dispersal (cont’d)
– by hydrothermal plumes, 102
– hydrothermal vents, 101, 102
– larvae, 102, 394, 414–416
– – lecithotrophic, 102
– – pelagic, 101
– – planktotrophic, 102
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 314, 320
– as food source, 359, 360
– pool, 316
– utilization by bacteria, 154
dissolved organic matter (DOM), 72, 316, 338, 355, 359, 360, 363
– as food source, 415
– composition, 359
– efflux from sediment, 359
– from continental margins, 359
– from rivers, 359
– in sediments, 359
– labile, 363
– refractory, 363
disturbance, 10, 125
– Atlantic Ocean, 165
– seafloor ploughing, 452
Disturbance/Colonization experiment, see DISCOL
diversity, 60–64, 153, 453
– Arctic Ocean, 246
– Atlantic Ocean, 124, 126
– – Bay of Biscay, 139
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – effects of depth, 296, 298
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 133
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– – Rockall Trough, 63
– depth gradients, 296–300
– East Indies, 61
– effects of depth, 27, 296–300
– – potential causes, 298–300
– effects of glaciations, 304–306
– effects of latitude, 300–304
– – area effects, 303
– – potential causes, 302–304
– effects of mining, 453
– effects of oxygen, 7, 8
– effects of sampling, 62
– evolutionary development, 307
– geographic patterns, 113
– latitudinal gradients, 62, 246, 247, 300–304
– – Canary Islands, 62
– monsoon effects, 63
– ostracods, 63
– paradigm of low deep-sea diversity, 113
– phytoplankton, 69
– polychaetes, 63
– promoted by patchiness in food resources, 348
– sampling, 13
– seasonality, 63
– temporal patterns over geological time, 304–307
DOMES (Deep Ocean Mining Environmental Study), 452
dominance, 62
Dominica (or Martinique) Passage (Caribbean Sea), 269
dorvilleids, 126, 165, 192, 196, 358
downslope processes, 194, 220, 330, 331, 353, 366, 428, 431
– local focussing, 365
downslope transport, 364, 365
downwelling, 181, 428, 430
Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), 45, 48, 250
dredge spoil, 3, 441–444
– dumping in shallow water, 441
dredges, 112, 113
drilling, 455
drilling muds, 435
drop-stones, 252, 253
Dump Site 106 (Atlantic Ocean), 126, 441
dumping
– packages, 437
– radioactive waste, 438
dwarfing, 23
– suspension feeders, 23
dynamic-equilibrium model, 299
dysaerobic basins, 86, 87
– biomass, 99
– community structure, 86
– pogonophorans, 96
dysoxic environments, 474
earthquakes, 315
East Australian Current, 181, 184
East China Sea, 287
East Greenland Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 132
East Greenland Current, 48, 242, 243
East Pacific Rise, 180, 383, 386, 391
– crabs, 388
– dispersal, 416
– host–symbiont associations, 94
– hydrothermal vents, 82, 88, 95, 98, 99, 101
– mollusc reproduction, 393
– vestimentiferans, 96
East Siberian Sea (Arctic Ocean), 240
Eastern Mediterraean Deep Water (Mediterranean Sea), 264
Eastern Tropical Atlantic, 119
echinoderms (see also Echinodermata in Systematic Index)
– Arctic Ocean, 245
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – densities, 141
– – equatorial, 153
– – Goban Spur, 137, 138
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– biomass, 135
– brooding, 402
– egg size, 413
– fecundity, 398
– fertilization, 398, 401, 411
– gametogenesis, 398–401
GENERAL INDEX
dispersal (cont’d)
– by hydrothermal plumes, 102
– hydrothermal vents, 101, 102
– larvae, 102, 394, 414–416
– – lecithotrophic, 102
– – pelagic, 101
– – planktotrophic, 102
dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 314, 320
– as food source, 359, 360
– pool, 316
– utilization by bacteria, 154
dissolved organic matter (DOM), 72, 316, 338, 355, 359, 360, 363
– as food source, 415
– composition, 359
– efflux from sediment, 359
– from continental margins, 359
– from rivers, 359
– in sediments, 359
– labile, 363
– refractory, 363
disturbance, 10, 125
– Atlantic Ocean, 165
– seafloor ploughing, 452
Disturbance/Colonization experiment, see DISCOL
diversity, 60–64, 153, 453
– Arctic Ocean, 246
– Atlantic Ocean, 124, 126
– – Bay of Biscay, 139
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – effects of depth, 296, 298
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 133
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– – Rockall Trough, 63
– depth gradients, 296–300
– East Indies, 61
– effects of depth, 27, 296–300
– – potential causes, 298–300
– effects of glaciations, 304–306
– effects of latitude, 300–304
– – area effects, 303
– – potential causes, 302–304
– effects of mining, 453
– effects of oxygen, 7, 8
– effects of sampling, 62
– evolutionary development, 307
– geographic patterns, 113
– latitudinal gradients, 62, 246, 247, 300–304
– – Canary Islands, 62
– monsoon effects, 63
– ostracods, 63
– paradigm of low deep-sea diversity, 113
– phytoplankton, 69
– polychaetes, 63
– promoted by patchiness in food resources, 348
– sampling, 13
– seasonality, 63
– temporal patterns over geological time, 304–307
DOMES (Deep Ocean Mining Environmental Study), 452
dominance, 62
Dominica (or Martinique) Passage (Caribbean Sea), 269
dorvilleids, 126, 165, 192, 196, 358
downslope processes, 194, 220, 330, 331, 353, 366, 428, 431
– local focussing, 365
downslope transport, 364, 365
downwelling, 181, 428, 430
Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), 45, 48, 250
dredge spoil, 3, 441–444
– dumping in shallow water, 441
dredges, 112, 113
drilling, 455
drilling muds, 435
drop-stones, 252, 253
Dump Site 106 (Atlantic Ocean), 126, 441
dumping
– packages, 437
– radioactive waste, 438
dwarfing, 23
– suspension feeders, 23
dynamic-equilibrium model, 299
dysaerobic basins, 86, 87
– biomass, 99
– community structure, 86
– pogonophorans, 96
dysoxic environments, 474
earthquakes, 315
East Australian Current, 181, 184
East China Sea, 287
East Greenland Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 132
East Greenland Current, 48, 242, 243
East Pacific Rise, 180, 383, 386, 391
– crabs, 388
– dispersal, 416
– host–symbiont associations, 94
– hydrothermal vents, 82, 88, 95, 98, 99, 101
– mollusc reproduction, 393
– vestimentiferans, 96
East Siberian Sea (Arctic Ocean), 240
Eastern Mediterraean Deep Water (Mediterranean Sea), 264
Eastern Tropical Atlantic, 119
echinoderms (see also Echinodermata in Systematic Index)
– Arctic Ocean, 245
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – densities, 141
– – equatorial, 153
– – Goban Spur, 137, 138
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– biomass, 135
– brooding, 402
– egg size, 413
– fecundity, 398
– fertilization, 398, 401, 411
– gametogenesis, 398–401