GENERAL INDEX
529
– – ice rafting, 431
– – precipitation, 429, 431
– – slides, 430
– – slumps, 430
– – turbidity currents, 430
– – upwelling, 431
– vertical flux, 430, 431
– visible, 431
continental drift, 46
continental margin, 39, 115, 315, 317, 336, 339, 363–365
– carbon dynamics, 364, 365
– northern Europe, 325
– sedimentation, 118
continental rise, 115, 219, 326, 328, 330, 336, 364
– European, 325
– off Ireland, 352
continental shelf, 115, 341, 366, 447
– Antarctica, 239, 249
– export of organic matter, 365
– phosphorites, 448
– Southern Ocean, 249
continental slope, 118, 315, 316, 326, 329, 330, 339, 342, 350,
355, 364–366, 430, 431, 457, 460
– off Ireland, 339
– off Scotland, 339
– oil extraction, 435
– upper, 330, 336, 341
contour current, 251
Conventions
– Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
(MARPOL), 457, 458
– Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of
the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR), 460
– Convention on the Law of the Sea, 457
– Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping
of Wastes and other Matter, see London Convention
– United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS),
458
conveyor-belt system, 429
Cook Island region, mining, 448
copepods (see also Copepoda in Systematic Index), 16, 29, 55,
323
– Atlantic Ocean, 63
– – diversity, 63, 64
– detritivores, 69
– diversity in the Mediterranean Sea, 63, 64
– effects of fluctuating sea levels, 61
– faecal pellets, 122, 320, 346
– latitudinal trends, 62
– Pacific Ocean, 187
– Red Sea, 283
– reduced-oxygen tolerance, 8
– scavengers, 100
– size class, 11
– upwelling, 68
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
copulation, 411
Coral Sea, 179
corals, 304
– ahermatypic, 265
– Atlantic Ocean, 127
– – Goban Spur, 138
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– cold water corals, 339, 340
– deep-sea assemblage, 279
– dissolved organic matter as food source, 360
– fishing impacts, 457
– hard-bottom habitats, 27
– Lophelia pertusa reefs, 342, 460, 475
– Mediterranean Sea, 279, 282
– Red Sea, 283
– reproduction, 402
– seamounts, 210
cores, 334
coring devices, 120
– deliberate corers, 14
Coriolis Force, 67, 182
Corsica (France), 265, 266
– sediment traps, 265
cosmopolitan ranges, 64
counter shading as camouflage for fish, 55
crabs (see also spider crabs, and Brachyura in Systematic Index)
– as scavengers, 192, 209
– Atlantic Ocean, 125, 127
– distribution, 388
– fecundity, 394
– Gulf of Mexico, 285
– oxygen minimum zones, 229
– r/K-selection, 407
– red crab (Geryon quinquedens), 125, 127, 389
– reproduction, 388
– seasonality, 392
– stone crab Neolithodes grimaldi, 357
– swimming crab (Charybdis smithii), 68
cranchids (Cranchiidae), 73
Cretan Sea Deep Water, 263, 264
Cretan Sea (Mediterranean Sea), 266
Cretan Sea Overflow Water, 263
Crete (Greece), 263, 265
crinoids (see also Crinoidea in Systematic Index)
– Goban Spur, 137, 138
– growth rates, 134
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– Red Sea, 283
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
– suspension feeders, 20, 28, 340
critical erosion velocity, 328
critical shear velocity, 331
critical slope, 340
crustaceans (see also Crustacea in Systematic Index)
– Arctic Ocean, 246
– Atlantic Ocean, 124, 127, 129
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– brooding, 389
– carotenoid pigments, 55
529
– – ice rafting, 431
– – precipitation, 429, 431
– – slides, 430
– – slumps, 430
– – turbidity currents, 430
– – upwelling, 431
– vertical flux, 430, 431
– visible, 431
continental drift, 46
continental margin, 39, 115, 315, 317, 336, 339, 363–365
– carbon dynamics, 364, 365
– northern Europe, 325
– sedimentation, 118
continental rise, 115, 219, 326, 328, 330, 336, 364
– European, 325
– off Ireland, 352
continental shelf, 115, 341, 366, 447
– Antarctica, 239, 249
– export of organic matter, 365
– phosphorites, 448
– Southern Ocean, 249
continental slope, 118, 315, 316, 326, 329, 330, 339, 342, 350,
355, 364–366, 430, 431, 457, 460
– off Ireland, 339
– off Scotland, 339
– oil extraction, 435
– upper, 330, 336, 341
contour current, 251
Conventions
– Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
(MARPOL), 457, 458
– Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of
the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR), 460
– Convention on the Law of the Sea, 457
– Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping
of Wastes and other Matter, see London Convention
– United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS),
458
conveyor-belt system, 429
Cook Island region, mining, 448
copepods (see also Copepoda in Systematic Index), 16, 29, 55,
323
– Atlantic Ocean, 63
– – diversity, 63, 64
– detritivores, 69
– diversity in the Mediterranean Sea, 63, 64
– effects of fluctuating sea levels, 61
– faecal pellets, 122, 320, 346
– latitudinal trends, 62
– Pacific Ocean, 187
– Red Sea, 283
– reduced-oxygen tolerance, 8
– scavengers, 100
– size class, 11
– upwelling, 68
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
copulation, 411
Coral Sea, 179
corals, 304
– ahermatypic, 265
– Atlantic Ocean, 127
– – Goban Spur, 138
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– cold water corals, 339, 340
– deep-sea assemblage, 279
– dissolved organic matter as food source, 360
– fishing impacts, 457
– hard-bottom habitats, 27
– Lophelia pertusa reefs, 342, 460, 475
– Mediterranean Sea, 279, 282
– Red Sea, 283
– reproduction, 402
– seamounts, 210
cores, 334
coring devices, 120
– deliberate corers, 14
Coriolis Force, 67, 182
Corsica (France), 265, 266
– sediment traps, 265
cosmopolitan ranges, 64
counter shading as camouflage for fish, 55
crabs (see also spider crabs, and Brachyura in Systematic Index)
– as scavengers, 192, 209
– Atlantic Ocean, 125, 127
– distribution, 388
– fecundity, 394
– Gulf of Mexico, 285
– oxygen minimum zones, 229
– r/K-selection, 407
– red crab (Geryon quinquedens), 125, 127, 389
– reproduction, 388
– seasonality, 392
– stone crab Neolithodes grimaldi, 357
– swimming crab (Charybdis smithii), 68
cranchids (Cranchiidae), 73
Cretan Sea Deep Water, 263, 264
Cretan Sea (Mediterranean Sea), 266
Cretan Sea Overflow Water, 263
Crete (Greece), 263, 265
crinoids (see also Crinoidea in Systematic Index)
– Goban Spur, 137, 138
– growth rates, 134
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– Red Sea, 283
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
– suspension feeders, 20, 28, 340
critical erosion velocity, 328
critical shear velocity, 331
critical slope, 340
crustaceans (see also Crustacea in Systematic Index)
– Arctic Ocean, 246
– Atlantic Ocean, 124, 127, 129
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– brooding, 389
– carotenoid pigments, 55