GENERAL INDEX
527
carbon cycling, 313
– at surface layer, 318
– Atlantic Ocean, 123
carbon dioxide, 3, 43, 50, 335, 360, 444–446, 476
– avoidance of production, 444
– disposal, 444
– flux, 128
– large-scale experiment, 445, 446
– liquid phase, 445
– pH, 445
– solid phase (dry ice), 445
– solubility, 43
– thermophysics, 444
carbon dynamics, 316, 350, 365
– continental margin, 364, 365
– modelling, 361, 362
carbon equivalents, 364
carbon export, 115, 315
carbon fixation in ice, 253
carbon flux, 74
– Atlantic Ocean, 160
carbon remineralization, 128
carbon sources, 90
carbon transformation, 115
carbonate oozes, 112, 118
carbonate platforms, 115
carcasses, 190, 191, 203, 208, 316, 320, 354–359
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 208, 209
– response by scavengers, 354–358
Cariaco Trench (Caribbean), 111
– anoxic, 44, 269, 270
Caribbean, 268–271, 283, 284
– animal traces, 155
– bathymetry, 269
– characteristics, 262
– effect of outflow of the Amazon River, 42
– evaporation, 261
– fauna, 283, 284
– hydrography, 269, 270
– morphology, 268, 269
– nematodes, 301
– oxygen concentrations, 270
– peripheral seas, 261
– plant remains, 353, 354
– potential temperature, 270
– primary productivity, 270, 271
– salinity, 270
– sediments, 270
– vertical flux, 266, 270, 271
carideans, see Caridea in Systematic Index
Carlsberg Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
carnivory, 21, 338, 340, 342, 356, 358
– Atlantic Ocean, 127
– by deposit feeders, 356
– changes with depth, 22
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– nematodes, 21
– polychaetes, 282
– suspension feeders, 341
carotenoids, 56
carrion, 194, 352
Carson Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127, 149
Cascadia Channel (Pacific Ocean, off Oregon), 331
Catalan Sea (Mediterranean Sea), 266, 280, 281
– species distribution, 280
– vertical flux, 265
Cayman Basin (Caribbean Sea), 269
Celebes Sea (Indonesian Seas), 273
cellulose, 354
Celtic margin (Atlantic Ocean), 134, 331, 339
– phytodetritus, 122
Central North Pacific (CNP), 185
Central Water (Sea of Japan), 275
cephalopods
– as food source for sharks, 281
– buoyancy, 73
– croppers, 22
– sperm, 395
ceratioid (fish) species (see also Lophiformes in Systematic List
of Genera), 58
cerianthid anemones, 125, 138, 330, 339
CFC (chlorofluorocarbon), see chlorofluorocarbons
chaetognaths, 55, 74
Chagos-Laccadive Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
chalcopyrite, 268
Challenger, see exploration
Charleston Bump (Atlantic Ocean), 128, 129
cheese bottom (or ostur), 340
chemical oxygen demand, 159
chemical pathways, 360
chemical plumes, 44
chemical profiles, 51, 52
chemical-reactor theory, 343
chemical tracers, 42
chemical warfare agents, 434
chemosynthesis, 53, 91, 92, 99, 284, 313, 409
– definition, 91
– Mediterranean Sea, 282
– microbial, 85, 86, 91–93, 103, 355
– pogonophorans, 94
– sulphide-fuelled, 94
chemosynthetic environments, 2
Chernobyl accident, 428
Chesapeake Bay (Atlantic Ocean), 129
Chesapeake Bight (Atlantic Ocean), 126
Chile, 383, 386
China Seas, 179
chitobiase, 345
chlorite, 118
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 428–430
– as markers for water masses, 429
chlorophyll, 66, 119, 122, 129, 132, 164, 321, 324, 325, 336,
346, 347, 351
– Arctic Ocean, 244
– Southern Ocean, 253
chlorophyte algae, 121
chloropigments, 228, 324, 325
chloroplastic pigment equivalents (CPE), 282, 317, 333, 336
527
carbon cycling, 313
– at surface layer, 318
– Atlantic Ocean, 123
carbon dioxide, 3, 43, 50, 335, 360, 444–446, 476
– avoidance of production, 444
– disposal, 444
– flux, 128
– large-scale experiment, 445, 446
– liquid phase, 445
– pH, 445
– solid phase (dry ice), 445
– solubility, 43
– thermophysics, 444
carbon dynamics, 316, 350, 365
– continental margin, 364, 365
– modelling, 361, 362
carbon equivalents, 364
carbon export, 115, 315
carbon fixation in ice, 253
carbon flux, 74
– Atlantic Ocean, 160
carbon remineralization, 128
carbon sources, 90
carbon transformation, 115
carbonate oozes, 112, 118
carbonate platforms, 115
carcasses, 190, 191, 203, 208, 316, 320, 354–359
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 208, 209
– response by scavengers, 354–358
Cariaco Trench (Caribbean), 111
– anoxic, 44, 269, 270
Caribbean, 268–271, 283, 284
– animal traces, 155
– bathymetry, 269
– characteristics, 262
– effect of outflow of the Amazon River, 42
– evaporation, 261
– fauna, 283, 284
– hydrography, 269, 270
– morphology, 268, 269
– nematodes, 301
– oxygen concentrations, 270
– peripheral seas, 261
– plant remains, 353, 354
– potential temperature, 270
– primary productivity, 270, 271
– salinity, 270
– sediments, 270
– vertical flux, 266, 270, 271
carideans, see Caridea in Systematic Index
Carlsberg Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
carnivory, 21, 338, 340, 342, 356, 358
– Atlantic Ocean, 127
– by deposit feeders, 356
– changes with depth, 22
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– nematodes, 21
– polychaetes, 282
– suspension feeders, 341
carotenoids, 56
carrion, 194, 352
Carson Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127, 149
Cascadia Channel (Pacific Ocean, off Oregon), 331
Catalan Sea (Mediterranean Sea), 266, 280, 281
– species distribution, 280
– vertical flux, 265
Cayman Basin (Caribbean Sea), 269
Celebes Sea (Indonesian Seas), 273
cellulose, 354
Celtic margin (Atlantic Ocean), 134, 331, 339
– phytodetritus, 122
Central North Pacific (CNP), 185
Central Water (Sea of Japan), 275
cephalopods
– as food source for sharks, 281
– buoyancy, 73
– croppers, 22
– sperm, 395
ceratioid (fish) species (see also Lophiformes in Systematic List
of Genera), 58
cerianthid anemones, 125, 138, 330, 339
CFC (chlorofluorocarbon), see chlorofluorocarbons
chaetognaths, 55, 74
Chagos-Laccadive Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
chalcopyrite, 268
Challenger, see exploration
Charleston Bump (Atlantic Ocean), 128, 129
cheese bottom (or ostur), 340
chemical oxygen demand, 159
chemical pathways, 360
chemical plumes, 44
chemical profiles, 51, 52
chemical-reactor theory, 343
chemical tracers, 42
chemical warfare agents, 434
chemosynthesis, 53, 91, 92, 99, 284, 313, 409
– definition, 91
– Mediterranean Sea, 282
– microbial, 85, 86, 91–93, 103, 355
– pogonophorans, 94
– sulphide-fuelled, 94
chemosynthetic environments, 2
Chernobyl accident, 428
Chesapeake Bay (Atlantic Ocean), 129
Chesapeake Bight (Atlantic Ocean), 126
Chile, 383, 386
China Seas, 179
chitobiase, 345
chlorite, 118
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 428–430
– as markers for water masses, 429
chlorophyll, 66, 119, 122, 129, 132, 164, 321, 324, 325, 336,
346, 347, 351
– Arctic Ocean, 244
– Southern Ocean, 253
chlorophyte algae, 121
chloropigments, 228, 324, 325
chloroplastic pigment equivalents (CPE), 282, 317, 333, 336