GENERAL INDEX
519
– biomass values, 246
– chlorophyll, 244
– circulation, 242, 429
– colonization, 248
– connection with the Atlantic Ocean, 46
– contamination
– – transport routes, 431
– definition, 240
– diversity, 246
– endemism, 246, 247
– evolutionary history, 247–249
– – climate change, 248
– – glaciation, 249
– – Pleistocene, 248
– – sea-level, 249
– – temperature, 249
– fallout events, 428
– freshwater input, 242
– freshwater outflows, 42
– heat budget, 243
– ice, 241, 242
– – ice rafting, 244
– meiofauna, 244
– microbial fauna, 244
– oceanography, 240–242
– organochlorine compounds, 429
– particulate organic matter (POM), 243
– phytodetritus, 244
– primary production, 242, 243
– – benthic, 243
– – spring bloom, 243
– refugium, 249
– sampling, 246
– sediments, 243, 244
– – lithology, 244
– – turbidity currents, 244
– species distribution, 25, 244–246
– species richness, 245
– temperature range, 49
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 429, 431
Arctic Ocean
– characteristics, 48
– fallout events, 428
Area (seafloor of high seas), 459
Argentine Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 116
– manganese nodules, 119
argyropelecids, 56, 57
arthropods, 126, 387–394
artificial reefs, 435
Aru Basin (Indonesian Seas), 272
Aruba Gap (Caribbean Sea), 268
ASCAR (Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise), 123
ascidians (see also Ascidiacea in Systematic Index)
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – equatorial Atlantic Ocean, 153
– gigantism, 24
– lecithotrophy, 404
– oxygen minimum zones, 229
– relationship between geographic range and mode of
development, 398, 416
– reproduction, 404, 411
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
– suspension feeders, 20, 23, 340
aseasonal reproduction, 409
asellotes
– Atlantic Ocean, 24
– bathymetric zonation, 249
– colonization of the deep sea, 302
– decreasing species richness with depth, 245
– deep-sea species, 16
– depth range, 25
– diversity, 302
– dominant taxon in the deep sea, 302
– effects of latitude on diversity, 303
– fecundity, 393
– food supply, 338
– iteroparity, 408
– seasonal reproduction, 389–392
– sex ratio, 389
aspartic acid, as time marker to age gastropod molluscs, 349
assimilation efficiencies, 348, 360, 362
asteroids (see also Asteroidea in Systematic Index)
– as predators, 194
– Atlantic Ocean, 130
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – densities, 141
– – Goban Spur, 138
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– brisingids, 130
– changes with depth, 22
– concentricycloids, 401
– croppers, 22
– deep ocean trenches, 211
– dissolved organic matter as food source, 360
– fecundity, 398
– lecithotrophic development, 414
– seasonality, 123
– Southern Ocean, 254
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise Study, 297–300
Atlantic Ocean, 54, 111–166, 261–263, 271, 391, 438, 439, 461
– abyssal water from polar regions, 112
– amphipod diversity, 298
– animal traces, 155
– Arctic Basin, 301
– Atlantic continental slope and rise (ASCAR), 123
– AUDOS experiments, 153
– BENGAL study site, 347
– biomass, 143, 157, 158
– – effects of depth, 159
– – sponges, 340
– bioturbation, 160–165
– bivalves, 298
– – diversity, 297
– bottom-dwelling fish, 155
– bottom waters, 42
– British continental margin, 134–138
519
– biomass values, 246
– chlorophyll, 244
– circulation, 242, 429
– colonization, 248
– connection with the Atlantic Ocean, 46
– contamination
– – transport routes, 431
– definition, 240
– diversity, 246
– endemism, 246, 247
– evolutionary history, 247–249
– – climate change, 248
– – glaciation, 249
– – Pleistocene, 248
– – sea-level, 249
– – temperature, 249
– fallout events, 428
– freshwater input, 242
– freshwater outflows, 42
– heat budget, 243
– ice, 241, 242
– – ice rafting, 244
– meiofauna, 244
– microbial fauna, 244
– oceanography, 240–242
– organochlorine compounds, 429
– particulate organic matter (POM), 243
– phytodetritus, 244
– primary production, 242, 243
– – benthic, 243
– – spring bloom, 243
– refugium, 249
– sampling, 246
– sediments, 243, 244
– – lithology, 244
– – turbidity currents, 244
– species distribution, 25, 244–246
– species richness, 245
– temperature range, 49
Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), 429, 431
Arctic Ocean
– characteristics, 48
– fallout events, 428
Area (seafloor of high seas), 459
Argentine Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 116
– manganese nodules, 119
argyropelecids, 56, 57
arthropods, 126, 387–394
artificial reefs, 435
Aru Basin (Indonesian Seas), 272
Aruba Gap (Caribbean Sea), 268
ASCAR (Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise), 123
ascidians (see also Ascidiacea in Systematic Index)
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – equatorial Atlantic Ocean, 153
– gigantism, 24
– lecithotrophy, 404
– oxygen minimum zones, 229
– relationship between geographic range and mode of
development, 398, 416
– reproduction, 404, 411
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
– suspension feeders, 20, 23, 340
aseasonal reproduction, 409
asellotes
– Atlantic Ocean, 24
– bathymetric zonation, 249
– colonization of the deep sea, 302
– decreasing species richness with depth, 245
– deep-sea species, 16
– depth range, 25
– diversity, 302
– dominant taxon in the deep sea, 302
– effects of latitude on diversity, 303
– fecundity, 393
– food supply, 338
– iteroparity, 408
– seasonal reproduction, 389–392
– sex ratio, 389
aspartic acid, as time marker to age gastropod molluscs, 349
assimilation efficiencies, 348, 360, 362
asteroids (see also Asteroidea in Systematic Index)
– as predators, 194
– Atlantic Ocean, 130
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – densities, 141
– – Goban Spur, 138
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– brisingids, 130
– changes with depth, 22
– concentricycloids, 401
– croppers, 22
– deep ocean trenches, 211
– dissolved organic matter as food source, 360
– fecundity, 398
– lecithotrophic development, 414
– seasonality, 123
– Southern Ocean, 254
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise Study, 297–300
Atlantic Ocean, 54, 111–166, 261–263, 271, 391, 438, 439, 461
– abyssal water from polar regions, 112
– amphipod diversity, 298
– animal traces, 155
– Arctic Basin, 301
– Atlantic continental slope and rise (ASCAR), 123
– AUDOS experiments, 153
– BENGAL study site, 347
– biomass, 143, 157, 158
– – effects of depth, 159
– – sponges, 340
– bioturbation, 160–165
– bivalves, 298
– – diversity, 297
– bottom-dwelling fish, 155
– bottom waters, 42
– British continental margin, 134–138