426
Craig M. YOUNG
Echinus affinis require high pressure for development. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 38: 178−181.
Young, C.M. and V´ azquez, E., 1995. Morphology, larval
development, and distribution of Bathypera feminalba n. sp.
(Ascidiacea: Pyuridae), a deep-water ascidian from the fjords and
sounds of British Columbia. Invertebr. Biol., 114: 89−106.
Young, C.M., Cameron, J.L. and Eckelbarger, K.J., 1989. Extended
pre-feeding period in a planktotrophic echinoid larva from the
bathyal zone of the deep sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 69:
695−702.
Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A., Cameron, J.L. and Rumrill, S., 1992.
Seasonal breeding aggregations in low-density populations of the
bathyal echinoid Stylocidaris lineata. Mar. Biol., 113: 603−612.
Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1996a. Vertical distribution
correlates with pressure tolerances of early embryos in the deepsea asteroid Plutonaster bifrons. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 76:
749−757.
Young, C.M., V´ azquez, E., Metaxas, A. and Tyler, P.A., 1996b.
Embryology of vestimentiferan tube worms from deep-sea
methane/sulfide seeps. Nature, 381: 514−515.
Young, C.M., Devin, M.G., Jaeckle, W.B., Ekaratne, S.U.K. and
George, S.B., 1996c. The potential for ontogenetic vertical
migration in larvae of deep-sea echinoids. Oceanol. Acta, 19:
263−271.
Young, C.M., Ekaratne, S.U.K. and Cameron, J.L., 1997.
Thermal tolerances of embryos and planktotrophic larvae
of Archaeopneustes hystrix (A. Agassiz) (Spatangoidea) and
Stylocidaris lineata (Mortensen) (Cidaroidea), bathyal echinoids
from the Bahamian Slope. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 223: 65−76.
Young, C.M., Sewell, M.A., Tyler, P.A. and Metaxas, A., 1999.
Biogeographic and bathymetric ranges of Atlantic deep-sea
echinoderms and ascidians: the role of larval dispersal. Biodiv.
Conserv., 6: 1507−1522.
Zal, F.D., Desbruy` eres, D. and Jouin-Toulmond, C., 1994. Sexual
dimorphism in Paralvinella grasslei, a polychaete annelid from
deep-sea hydrothermal vents. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. C, 317: 42−48.
Zal, F.D., Jollivet, D., Chevaldonn´ e, P. and Desbruy` eres, D., 1995.
Reproductive biology and population structure of the deepsea hydrothermal vent worm Paralvinella grasslei (Polychaeta:
Alvinellidae) at 13ºN on the East Pacific Rise. Mar. Biol., 122:
637−648.
Zardus, J.D., 2002. Biology of protobranch bivalves. Adv. Mar. Biol.,
42: 1−65.
Zirwas, C., 1910. Die Isopoden der Nordsee. Inaug.-Dissert. Univ.
Kiel, pp. 71–118.
Zottoli, R., 1983. Amphisamytha galapagensis, a new species of
ampharetid polychaete from the vicinity of abyssal hydrothermal
vents in the Galapagos Rift, and the role of this species in rift
ecosystems. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 96: 379−391.
Craig M. YOUNG
Echinus affinis require high pressure for development. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 38: 178−181.
Young, C.M. and V´ azquez, E., 1995. Morphology, larval
development, and distribution of Bathypera feminalba n. sp.
(Ascidiacea: Pyuridae), a deep-water ascidian from the fjords and
sounds of British Columbia. Invertebr. Biol., 114: 89−106.
Young, C.M., Cameron, J.L. and Eckelbarger, K.J., 1989. Extended
pre-feeding period in a planktotrophic echinoid larva from the
bathyal zone of the deep sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 69:
695−702.
Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A., Cameron, J.L. and Rumrill, S., 1992.
Seasonal breeding aggregations in low-density populations of the
bathyal echinoid Stylocidaris lineata. Mar. Biol., 113: 603−612.
Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1996a. Vertical distribution
correlates with pressure tolerances of early embryos in the deepsea asteroid Plutonaster bifrons. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 76:
749−757.
Young, C.M., V´ azquez, E., Metaxas, A. and Tyler, P.A., 1996b.
Embryology of vestimentiferan tube worms from deep-sea
methane/sulfide seeps. Nature, 381: 514−515.
Young, C.M., Devin, M.G., Jaeckle, W.B., Ekaratne, S.U.K. and
George, S.B., 1996c. The potential for ontogenetic vertical
migration in larvae of deep-sea echinoids. Oceanol. Acta, 19:
263−271.
Young, C.M., Ekaratne, S.U.K. and Cameron, J.L., 1997.
Thermal tolerances of embryos and planktotrophic larvae
of Archaeopneustes hystrix (A. Agassiz) (Spatangoidea) and
Stylocidaris lineata (Mortensen) (Cidaroidea), bathyal echinoids
from the Bahamian Slope. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 223: 65−76.
Young, C.M., Sewell, M.A., Tyler, P.A. and Metaxas, A., 1999.
Biogeographic and bathymetric ranges of Atlantic deep-sea
echinoderms and ascidians: the role of larval dispersal. Biodiv.
Conserv., 6: 1507−1522.
Zal, F.D., Desbruy` eres, D. and Jouin-Toulmond, C., 1994. Sexual
dimorphism in Paralvinella grasslei, a polychaete annelid from
deep-sea hydrothermal vents. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. C, 317: 42−48.
Zal, F.D., Jollivet, D., Chevaldonn´ e, P. and Desbruy` eres, D., 1995.
Reproductive biology and population structure of the deepsea hydrothermal vent worm Paralvinella grasslei (Polychaeta:
Alvinellidae) at 13ºN on the East Pacific Rise. Mar. Biol., 122:
637−648.
Zardus, J.D., 2002. Biology of protobranch bivalves. Adv. Mar. Biol.,
42: 1−65.
Zirwas, C., 1910. Die Isopoden der Nordsee. Inaug.-Dissert. Univ.
Kiel, pp. 71–118.
Zottoli, R., 1983. Amphisamytha galapagensis, a new species of
ampharetid polychaete from the vicinity of abyssal hydrothermal
vents in the Galapagos Rift, and the role of this species in rift
ecosystems. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 96: 379−391.