REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS
399
Table 12.6
Reproductive periodicity and egg sizes in deep-sea echinoderms
Species
Site
Depth (m)
Egg size (mm) Periodicity 1 References
ASTEROIDEA
Bathybiaster vexillifer
Rockall Trough
2200
650
A
Tyler et al. (1982b)
Benthopecten simplex
Rockall Trough
2170–2300
950
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Brisinga endecacnemos
Rockall Trough
1860–2200
1250
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
Brisingella coronata
NE Atlantic
750–2200
1250
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
Dytaster insignis
Rockall Trough
2170–2910
120 (?)
S
Tyler et al. (1982a)
Freyella spinosa
Porcupine Abyssal Plain
4000–4212
1250
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
Hymenaster gennaeus
Rockall Trough
2200
1100
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Hymenaster membranaceus Rockall Trough
1862–2300
1100
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Hyphalaster inermis
Madeira Abyssal Plain
5000
650
A
Ramirez Llodra et al. (2002)
Paragonaster subtilis
Rockall Trough
2200
900
A
Tyler and Pain (1982b)
Pectinaster filholi
Rockall Trough
1752–2515
850
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Plutonaster bifrons
Rockall Trough
2200
120
S
Tyler et al. (1982a)
Pontaster tenuspinus
Rockall Trough
588–1050
800
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Porcellanaster ceruleus
Rockall Trough
2900
600
A
Madsen (1961), Tyler,
unpublished.
Pseudarchaster parelli
Rockall Trough
2200
900
A
Tyler and Pain (1982b)
Psilaster andromeda
Rockall Trough
1050–2965
950
A
Tyler et al. (1982a)
Styrachaster chuni
Madeira Abyssal Plain
5000
650
A
Ramirez Llodra et al. (2002)
Styrachaster horridus
Madeira Abyssal Plain
5000
650
A
Ramirez Llodra et al. (2002)
Xyloplax medusiformis
New Zealand
1000
viviparous
?
Baker et al. (1986)
Xyloplax turnerae
Bahamas
2000
“large”
?
Rowe et al. (1988)
Zoroaster fulgens
Rockall Trough
2170–2450
950
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
OPHIUROIDEA
Amphiophiura bullata
NW Atlantic
1330–4750
350
?
Schoener (1972)
Amphilepis ingolfiana
NW Atlantic
1330–4750
400
?
Schoener (1972)
Homalophiura tesselata
NW Atlantic
1330–4750
400
?
Schoener (1972)
Ophiacantha bidentata
Rockall Trough
2200
600
A
Tyler and Gage (1982)
Ophiacantha normani
San Diego Trough
1250
~430
A
Rokop (1974)
Ophiocten gracilis
Rockall Trough
1000
100
S
Sumida et al. (2000)
Ophiomusium lymani
NW Atlantic
1100–2000
600
S
Schoener (1968, 1972)
Ophiomusium lymani
Rockall Trough
2200
600
A, S
Gage and Tyler (1982b)
Ophiura ljungmani
NW Atlantic
1330–3834
90
S
Schoener (1968, 1972)
Ophiura ljungmani
Rockall Trough
2900
100
S
Tyler and Gage (1980),
Gage and Tyler (1982a)
ECHINOIDEA
Allocentrotus fragilis
NE Pacific
50–1150
110
S
Boolootian et al. (1959)
Araeosoma fenestratum
Rockall Trough
631
1250
A
Tyler and Gage (1984b)
Archaeopneustes hystrix
Bahamas
300–625
~100
S
Young et al. (1997)
Aspidodiadema jacobyi
Bahamas
350–600
90
S
Young and George (2000)
Brissopsis lyrifera
Mediterranean
60–1000
80
S
Ferrand et al. (1988)
Calveriosoma hystrix
Rockall Trough
640–1075
1250
A
Tyler and Gage (1984b)
Cidaris blakei
Bahamas
500–750
110
S
Young, unpublished
continued on next page
399
Table 12.6
Reproductive periodicity and egg sizes in deep-sea echinoderms
Species
Site
Depth (m)
Egg size (mm) Periodicity 1 References
ASTEROIDEA
Bathybiaster vexillifer
Rockall Trough
2200
650
A
Tyler et al. (1982b)
Benthopecten simplex
Rockall Trough
2170–2300
950
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Brisinga endecacnemos
Rockall Trough
1860–2200
1250
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
Brisingella coronata
NE Atlantic
750–2200
1250
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
Dytaster insignis
Rockall Trough
2170–2910
120 (?)
S
Tyler et al. (1982a)
Freyella spinosa
Porcupine Abyssal Plain
4000–4212
1250
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
Hymenaster gennaeus
Rockall Trough
2200
1100
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Hymenaster membranaceus Rockall Trough
1862–2300
1100
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Hyphalaster inermis
Madeira Abyssal Plain
5000
650
A
Ramirez Llodra et al. (2002)
Paragonaster subtilis
Rockall Trough
2200
900
A
Tyler and Pain (1982b)
Pectinaster filholi
Rockall Trough
1752–2515
850
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Plutonaster bifrons
Rockall Trough
2200
120
S
Tyler et al. (1982a)
Pontaster tenuspinus
Rockall Trough
588–1050
800
A
Pain et al. (1982b)
Porcellanaster ceruleus
Rockall Trough
2900
600
A
Madsen (1961), Tyler,
unpublished.
Pseudarchaster parelli
Rockall Trough
2200
900
A
Tyler and Pain (1982b)
Psilaster andromeda
Rockall Trough
1050–2965
950
A
Tyler et al. (1982a)
Styrachaster chuni
Madeira Abyssal Plain
5000
650
A
Ramirez Llodra et al. (2002)
Styrachaster horridus
Madeira Abyssal Plain
5000
650
A
Ramirez Llodra et al. (2002)
Xyloplax medusiformis
New Zealand
1000
viviparous
?
Baker et al. (1986)
Xyloplax turnerae
Bahamas
2000
“large”
?
Rowe et al. (1988)
Zoroaster fulgens
Rockall Trough
2170–2450
950
A
Tyler et al. (1984)
OPHIUROIDEA
Amphiophiura bullata
NW Atlantic
1330–4750
350
?
Schoener (1972)
Amphilepis ingolfiana
NW Atlantic
1330–4750
400
?
Schoener (1972)
Homalophiura tesselata
NW Atlantic
1330–4750
400
?
Schoener (1972)
Ophiacantha bidentata
Rockall Trough
2200
600
A
Tyler and Gage (1982)
Ophiacantha normani
San Diego Trough
1250
~430
A
Rokop (1974)
Ophiocten gracilis
Rockall Trough
1000
100
S
Sumida et al. (2000)
Ophiomusium lymani
NW Atlantic
1100–2000
600
S
Schoener (1968, 1972)
Ophiomusium lymani
Rockall Trough
2200
600
A, S
Gage and Tyler (1982b)
Ophiura ljungmani
NW Atlantic
1330–3834
90
S
Schoener (1968, 1972)
Ophiura ljungmani
Rockall Trough
2900
100
S
Tyler and Gage (1980),
Gage and Tyler (1982a)
ECHINOIDEA
Allocentrotus fragilis
NE Pacific
50–1150
110
S
Boolootian et al. (1959)
Araeosoma fenestratum
Rockall Trough
631
1250
A
Tyler and Gage (1984b)
Archaeopneustes hystrix
Bahamas
300–625
~100
S
Young et al. (1997)
Aspidodiadema jacobyi
Bahamas
350–600
90
S
Young and George (2000)
Brissopsis lyrifera
Mediterranean
60–1000
80
S
Ferrand et al. (1988)
Calveriosoma hystrix
Rockall Trough
640–1075
1250
A
Tyler and Gage (1984b)
Cidaris blakei
Bahamas
500–750
110
S
Young, unpublished
continued on next page