368
John D. GAGE
Azam, F. and Hodson, R.E., 1977. Size distribution and activity of
marine microheterotrophs. Limnol. Oceanogr., 22: 492−501.
Bagley, P.M., Smith, A. and Priede, I.G., 1994. Tacking movements of
deep demersal fishes in the Porcupine Seabight, north-east Atlantic
Ocean. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 74: 473−480.
Baker, E.T., Milburn, H.B. and Tennant, D.A., 1988. Field assessment
of sediment trap efficiency under varying flow conditions. J. Mar.
Res., 46: 573−592.
Baldwin, R.J., Glatts, R.C. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Particulate
fluxes into the benthic boundary layer at a long time-series station
in the abyssal NE Pacific: composition and fluxes. Deep-Sea Res. II,
45: 643−665.
Barnard, J.L. and Ingram, C.L., 1986. The supergiant amphipod
Alicella gigantea Chevreux from the North Pacific Gyre.
J. Crustacean Biol., 6: 825−839.
Barnett, P.R.O., Watson, J. and Connelly, D., 1984. A multiple corer
for taking virtually undisturbed samples from shelf, bathyal and
abyssal sediments. Oceanol. Acta, 7: 399−408.
Barthel, D., Tendal, O.S. and Thiel, H., 1996. A wandering
population of the hexactinellid sponge Pheronema carpenteri on
the continental slope off Morocco, Northwest Africa. Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser., 17: 603−616.
Bathmann, U.V., 1988. Mass occurrences of Salpa fusiformis in
the spring of 1984 off Ireland: implications for sedimentation
processes. Mar. Biol., 97: 127−135.
Bathmann, U.V., Noji, T.T., Peinert, R. and Voss, M., 1987. Copepod
fecal pellets: abundance, sedimentation and content at a permanent
station in the Norwegian Sea in May/June 1986. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 38: 14−51.
Bathmann, U.V., Peinert, R., Nop, T.T. and von Bodungen, B., 1990.
Pelagic origin and fate of sedimenting particles in the Norwegian
Sea. Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 117−125.
Bauer, J.E. and Druffel, E.R.M., 1998. Ocean margins as a significant
source of organic matter to the deep open ocean. Nature, 392:
482−485.
Beaulieu, S.E. and Baldwin, R.J., 1998. Temporal variability in
currents and the benthic boundary layer at an abyssal station off
central California. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 587−615.
Beaulieu, S.E. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Phytodetritus entering the
benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the
abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition. DeepSea Res. I, 45: 781−815.
Belyaev, G.M., 1972. Hadal Bottom Fauna of the World Ocean.
Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
English translation published by Smithsonian Institution–National
Space Administration, Washington DC, 199 pp.
Bender, M.L. and Heggie, D.T., 1984. Fate of organic carbon reaching
the seafloor: a status report. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48:
977−986.
Bennett, B.A., Smith, C.R., Glaser, B. and Maybaum, H.L., 1994.
Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on
whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 108: 205−223.
Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1993. The feeding behaviour of an abyssal
echiuran revealed by in situ time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 40: 1767−1779.
Billett, D.S.M., 1991. Deep-sea holothurians. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 29: 259−317.
Billett, D.S.M. and Hansen, B., 1982. Abyssal aggregations of Kolga
hyalina Danielssen and Koren (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea) in
the northeast Atlantic Ocean a preliminary report. Deep-Sea Res.,
29: 799−818.
Billett, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., Rice, A.L. and Mantoura, R.F.C., 1983.
Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos.
Nature, 302: 520−522.
Billett, D.S.M., Llewellyn, C. and Watson, J., 1988. Are deep-sea
holothurians selective feeders? In: R.D. Burke, P.V. Mladenov,
P. Lambert and R.L. Paroley (Editors), Echinoderm Biology.
Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 421–429.
Billett, D.S.M., Bett, B.J., Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H., Gal´ eron, J.,
Sibuet, M. and Wolff, G.A., 2001. Long-term change in the
megabenthos of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic). Prog.
Oceanogr., 50: 325−348.
Biscaye, P.E., Flagg, C.N. and Falkowski, P.G., 1994. The SEEP II:
an introduction to hypotheses, results and conclusions. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 41: 231−252.
Bishop, J.D.D. and Shalla, S.H., 1994. Discrete seasonal reproduction
in an abyssal peracarid crustacean. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41:
1789−1800.
Blaber, S.J.M. and Bulman, C.M., 1987. Diets of fishes of the upper
continental slope of eastern Tasmania: content, calorific values,
dietary overlap and trophic relationships. Mar. Biol., 95: 345−356.
Blair, N.E., Plaia, G.R., Boehme, S.E., DeMaster, D.J. and Levin,
L.A., 1994. The remineralization of organic carbon on the North
Carolina continental slope. Deep-Sea Res. II, 41: 755−766.
Blair, N.E., Levin, L.A., DeMaster, D.J. and Plaia, G.R., 1996. The
short-term fate of fresh algal carbon in continental slope sediments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 41: 1208−1219.
Boon, A.R. and Duineveld, G.C.A., 1996. Phytopigments and
fatty acids as molecular markers for the quality of near-bottom
particulate organic matter in the North Sea. J. Sea Res., 35:
279−291.
Bouchet, P. and War´ en, A., 1979. Planktotrophic larval development
in deep water gastropods. Sarsia, 64: 37−40.
Boyd, P.W. and Newton, P.P., 1999. Does plankton community
structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in
different oceanic provinces? Deep-Sea Res. I, 46: 63−91.
Brey, T., 1990. Estimating productivity of macrobenthic invertebrates
from biomass and mean individual weight. Meeresforschung, 32:
329−343.
Briones-Fourz´ an, P. and Lozano-Alvarez, E., 1991. Aspects of the
biology of the giant isopod Bathynomus giganteus A. Milne
Edwards, 1879 (Flabellifera, Cirolanidae), of the Yucatan
Peninsula. J. Crustacean Biol., 11: 375−385.
Britton, J.C. and Morton, B., 1994. Marine carrion and scavengers.
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 32: 369−434.
Brock, J.C. and McClain, C.R., 1992. Interannual variability in
phytoplankton blooms observed in the northwestern Arabian Sea
during the south-west monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 733−750.
Bruun, A.F., 1957. Deep sea and abyssal depths. Geol. Soc. Am.
Mem., 67(1): 641−672.
Burdige, D.J., Alperin, M.J., Homestead, J. and Martens, C.S.,
1992. The role of benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon in
oceanic and sedimentary carbon cycling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19:
1851−1854.
Buscail, R. and Germain, C., 1997. Present-day organic matter
sedimentation on the NW Mediterranean margin: importance of
off-shelf export. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 217−229.
John D. GAGE
Azam, F. and Hodson, R.E., 1977. Size distribution and activity of
marine microheterotrophs. Limnol. Oceanogr., 22: 492−501.
Bagley, P.M., Smith, A. and Priede, I.G., 1994. Tacking movements of
deep demersal fishes in the Porcupine Seabight, north-east Atlantic
Ocean. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 74: 473−480.
Baker, E.T., Milburn, H.B. and Tennant, D.A., 1988. Field assessment
of sediment trap efficiency under varying flow conditions. J. Mar.
Res., 46: 573−592.
Baldwin, R.J., Glatts, R.C. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Particulate
fluxes into the benthic boundary layer at a long time-series station
in the abyssal NE Pacific: composition and fluxes. Deep-Sea Res. II,
45: 643−665.
Barnard, J.L. and Ingram, C.L., 1986. The supergiant amphipod
Alicella gigantea Chevreux from the North Pacific Gyre.
J. Crustacean Biol., 6: 825−839.
Barnett, P.R.O., Watson, J. and Connelly, D., 1984. A multiple corer
for taking virtually undisturbed samples from shelf, bathyal and
abyssal sediments. Oceanol. Acta, 7: 399−408.
Barthel, D., Tendal, O.S. and Thiel, H., 1996. A wandering
population of the hexactinellid sponge Pheronema carpenteri on
the continental slope off Morocco, Northwest Africa. Mar. Ecol.
Prog. Ser., 17: 603−616.
Bathmann, U.V., 1988. Mass occurrences of Salpa fusiformis in
the spring of 1984 off Ireland: implications for sedimentation
processes. Mar. Biol., 97: 127−135.
Bathmann, U.V., Noji, T.T., Peinert, R. and Voss, M., 1987. Copepod
fecal pellets: abundance, sedimentation and content at a permanent
station in the Norwegian Sea in May/June 1986. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 38: 14−51.
Bathmann, U.V., Peinert, R., Nop, T.T. and von Bodungen, B., 1990.
Pelagic origin and fate of sedimenting particles in the Norwegian
Sea. Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 117−125.
Bauer, J.E. and Druffel, E.R.M., 1998. Ocean margins as a significant
source of organic matter to the deep open ocean. Nature, 392:
482−485.
Beaulieu, S.E. and Baldwin, R.J., 1998. Temporal variability in
currents and the benthic boundary layer at an abyssal station off
central California. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 587−615.
Beaulieu, S.E. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Phytodetritus entering the
benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the
abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition. DeepSea Res. I, 45: 781−815.
Belyaev, G.M., 1972. Hadal Bottom Fauna of the World Ocean.
Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
English translation published by Smithsonian Institution–National
Space Administration, Washington DC, 199 pp.
Bender, M.L. and Heggie, D.T., 1984. Fate of organic carbon reaching
the seafloor: a status report. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 48:
977−986.
Bennett, B.A., Smith, C.R., Glaser, B. and Maybaum, H.L., 1994.
Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on
whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 108: 205−223.
Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1993. The feeding behaviour of an abyssal
echiuran revealed by in situ time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 40: 1767−1779.
Billett, D.S.M., 1991. Deep-sea holothurians. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 29: 259−317.
Billett, D.S.M. and Hansen, B., 1982. Abyssal aggregations of Kolga
hyalina Danielssen and Koren (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea) in
the northeast Atlantic Ocean a preliminary report. Deep-Sea Res.,
29: 799−818.
Billett, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., Rice, A.L. and Mantoura, R.F.C., 1983.
Seasonal sedimentation of phytoplankton to the deep-sea benthos.
Nature, 302: 520−522.
Billett, D.S.M., Llewellyn, C. and Watson, J., 1988. Are deep-sea
holothurians selective feeders? In: R.D. Burke, P.V. Mladenov,
P. Lambert and R.L. Paroley (Editors), Echinoderm Biology.
Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 421–429.
Billett, D.S.M., Bett, B.J., Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H., Gal´ eron, J.,
Sibuet, M. and Wolff, G.A., 2001. Long-term change in the
megabenthos of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic). Prog.
Oceanogr., 50: 325−348.
Biscaye, P.E., Flagg, C.N. and Falkowski, P.G., 1994. The SEEP II:
an introduction to hypotheses, results and conclusions. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 41: 231−252.
Bishop, J.D.D. and Shalla, S.H., 1994. Discrete seasonal reproduction
in an abyssal peracarid crustacean. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41:
1789−1800.
Blaber, S.J.M. and Bulman, C.M., 1987. Diets of fishes of the upper
continental slope of eastern Tasmania: content, calorific values,
dietary overlap and trophic relationships. Mar. Biol., 95: 345−356.
Blair, N.E., Plaia, G.R., Boehme, S.E., DeMaster, D.J. and Levin,
L.A., 1994. The remineralization of organic carbon on the North
Carolina continental slope. Deep-Sea Res. II, 41: 755−766.
Blair, N.E., Levin, L.A., DeMaster, D.J. and Plaia, G.R., 1996. The
short-term fate of fresh algal carbon in continental slope sediments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 41: 1208−1219.
Boon, A.R. and Duineveld, G.C.A., 1996. Phytopigments and
fatty acids as molecular markers for the quality of near-bottom
particulate organic matter in the North Sea. J. Sea Res., 35:
279−291.
Bouchet, P. and War´ en, A., 1979. Planktotrophic larval development
in deep water gastropods. Sarsia, 64: 37−40.
Boyd, P.W. and Newton, P.P., 1999. Does plankton community
structure determine downward particulate organic carbon flux in
different oceanic provinces? Deep-Sea Res. I, 46: 63−91.
Brey, T., 1990. Estimating productivity of macrobenthic invertebrates
from biomass and mean individual weight. Meeresforschung, 32:
329−343.
Briones-Fourz´ an, P. and Lozano-Alvarez, E., 1991. Aspects of the
biology of the giant isopod Bathynomus giganteus A. Milne
Edwards, 1879 (Flabellifera, Cirolanidae), of the Yucatan
Peninsula. J. Crustacean Biol., 11: 375−385.
Britton, J.C. and Morton, B., 1994. Marine carrion and scavengers.
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 32: 369−434.
Brock, J.C. and McClain, C.R., 1992. Interannual variability in
phytoplankton blooms observed in the northwestern Arabian Sea
during the south-west monsoon. J. Geophys. Res., 97: 733−750.
Bruun, A.F., 1957. Deep sea and abyssal depths. Geol. Soc. Am.
Mem., 67(1): 641−672.
Burdige, D.J., Alperin, M.J., Homestead, J. and Martens, C.S.,
1992. The role of benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon in
oceanic and sedimentary carbon cycling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19:
1851−1854.
Buscail, R. and Germain, C., 1997. Present-day organic matter
sedimentation on the NW Mediterranean margin: importance of
off-shelf export. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 217−229.