LARGE-SCALE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF DEEP-SEA BENTHIC SPECIES DIVERSITY
311
Lehman, S.J., Morse, D.L., Waddington, E.D. and Clow, G.D.,
1998. Synchronous climate changes in Antarctica and the North
Atlantic. Science, 282: 92−95.
Stevens, G.C., 1989. The latitudinal gradient in geographical range:
how so many species coexist in the tropics. Am. Nat., 133:
240−256.
Stevens, G.C., 1992. The elevational gradient in altitudinal range –
an extension of Rapoport’s latitudinal rule to altitude. Am. Nat.,
140: 893−911.
Stuart, C.T. and Rex, M.A., 1994. The relationship between
development pattern and species diversity in deep-sea prosobranch
snails. In: C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors),
Reproduction, Larval Biology and Recruitment in the Deep-Sea
Benthos. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 119–136.
Svavarsson, J., Str¨ omberg, J.-O. and Brattegard, T., 1993. The deepsea asellote (Isopoda, Crustacea) fauna of the Northern Seas:
species composition, distributional patterns and origin. J. Biogeogr.,
20: 537−555.
Taghon, G.L., 1982. Optimal foraging by deposit-feeding
invertebrates: roles of particle size and organic coating. Oecologia,
52: 295−304.
Taghon, G.L., Self, R.F.L. and Jumars, P.A., 1978. Predicting particle
selection by deposit-feeders: a model and predictions. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 23: 752−759.
Thistle, D., 1988. A temporal difference in harpacticoid-copepod
abundance at a deep-sea site: caused by benthic storms? Deep-Sea
Res., 35: 1015−1020.
Thistle, D. and Levin, L.A., 1998. The effect of experimentally
increased flow on metazoan meiofauna at a deep-sea site, with
comparison data on macrofauna. Deep-Sea Res. I, 45: 625−638.
Thistle, D., Yingst, J.Y. and Fauchald, K., 1985. A deep-sea benthic
community exposed to strong bottom currents on the Scotian Rise
(western Atlantic). Mar. Geol., 66: 91−112.
Thomas, E., 1998. Biogeography of the Late Paleocene benthic
foraminiferal extinction. In: M.-P. Aubry, S. Lucas and
W.A. Berggren (Editors), Late Paleocene–Early Eocene Climatic
and Biotic Events in the Marine and Terrestrial Records. Columbia
University Press, New York, pp. 214–243.
Thomas, E. and Gooday, A.J., 1996. Cenozoic deep-sea benthic
foraminifers: tracers for changes in oceanic productivity? Geology,
24: 355−358.
Thomas, E., Zachos, J.C. and Bralower, T.J., 1999. Deep-sea
environments on a warm Earth: latest Paleocene–early Eocene.
In: B.T. Huber, K. MacLeod and S. Wing (Editors), Warm
Climates in Earth History. Cambridge University Press, New York,
pp. 132−160.
Tunnicliffe, V., 1991. The biology of hydrothermal vents: ecology
and evolution. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 29: 319−407.
Turley, C.M., Lochte, K. and Lampitt, R.S., 1995. Transformations
of biogenic particles during sedimentation in the northeastern
Atlantic. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B, 348: 179−189.
Vale, F.K. and Rex, M.A., 1988. Repaired shell damage in deepsea prosobranch gastropods from the western North Atlantic.
Malacologia, 28: 65−79.
Van Dover, C.L., 1990. Biogeography of hydrothermal vent
communities along seafloor spreading centers. Trends Ecol. Evol.,
5: 242−246.
Van Dover, C.L., 2000. The Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal
Vents. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 424 pp.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1998. Macrofaunal communities within
and adjacent to a detritus-rich submarine canyon system. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 45: 25−54.
Weaver, A.J., Eby, M., Fanning, A.F. and Wiebe, E.C., 1998.
Simulated influence of carbon dioxide, orbital forcing and ice
sheets on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, 394:
847−853.
Weisshappel, J.B.F. and Svavarsson, J., 1998. Benthic amphipods
(Crustacea: Malacostraca) in Icelandic waters: diversity in relation
to faunal patterns from shallow to intermediate deep Arctic and
North Atlantic Oceans. Mar. Biol., 131: 133−143.
Whitlatch, R.B., 1980. Patterns of resource utilization and coexistence
in marine intertidal deposit-feeding communities. J. Mar. Res., 38:
743−765.
Wignall, P.B. and Twitchett, R.J., 1996. Oceanic anoxia and the end
Permian mass extinction. Science, 272: 1155−1158.
Wilson, G.D.F., 1998. Historical influences on deep-sea isopod
diversity in the Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 279−301.
Wilson, G.D.F. and Hessler, R.R., 1987. Speciation in the deep sea.
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18: 185−207.
Young, C.M. and Eckelbarger, K.J. (Editors), 1994. Reproduction,
Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos.
Columbia University Press, New York, 336 pp.
311
Lehman, S.J., Morse, D.L., Waddington, E.D. and Clow, G.D.,
1998. Synchronous climate changes in Antarctica and the North
Atlantic. Science, 282: 92−95.
Stevens, G.C., 1989. The latitudinal gradient in geographical range:
how so many species coexist in the tropics. Am. Nat., 133:
240−256.
Stevens, G.C., 1992. The elevational gradient in altitudinal range –
an extension of Rapoport’s latitudinal rule to altitude. Am. Nat.,
140: 893−911.
Stuart, C.T. and Rex, M.A., 1994. The relationship between
development pattern and species diversity in deep-sea prosobranch
snails. In: C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors),
Reproduction, Larval Biology and Recruitment in the Deep-Sea
Benthos. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 119–136.
Svavarsson, J., Str¨ omberg, J.-O. and Brattegard, T., 1993. The deepsea asellote (Isopoda, Crustacea) fauna of the Northern Seas:
species composition, distributional patterns and origin. J. Biogeogr.,
20: 537−555.
Taghon, G.L., 1982. Optimal foraging by deposit-feeding
invertebrates: roles of particle size and organic coating. Oecologia,
52: 295−304.
Taghon, G.L., Self, R.F.L. and Jumars, P.A., 1978. Predicting particle
selection by deposit-feeders: a model and predictions. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 23: 752−759.
Thistle, D., 1988. A temporal difference in harpacticoid-copepod
abundance at a deep-sea site: caused by benthic storms? Deep-Sea
Res., 35: 1015−1020.
Thistle, D. and Levin, L.A., 1998. The effect of experimentally
increased flow on metazoan meiofauna at a deep-sea site, with
comparison data on macrofauna. Deep-Sea Res. I, 45: 625−638.
Thistle, D., Yingst, J.Y. and Fauchald, K., 1985. A deep-sea benthic
community exposed to strong bottom currents on the Scotian Rise
(western Atlantic). Mar. Geol., 66: 91−112.
Thomas, E., 1998. Biogeography of the Late Paleocene benthic
foraminiferal extinction. In: M.-P. Aubry, S. Lucas and
W.A. Berggren (Editors), Late Paleocene–Early Eocene Climatic
and Biotic Events in the Marine and Terrestrial Records. Columbia
University Press, New York, pp. 214–243.
Thomas, E. and Gooday, A.J., 1996. Cenozoic deep-sea benthic
foraminifers: tracers for changes in oceanic productivity? Geology,
24: 355−358.
Thomas, E., Zachos, J.C. and Bralower, T.J., 1999. Deep-sea
environments on a warm Earth: latest Paleocene–early Eocene.
In: B.T. Huber, K. MacLeod and S. Wing (Editors), Warm
Climates in Earth History. Cambridge University Press, New York,
pp. 132−160.
Tunnicliffe, V., 1991. The biology of hydrothermal vents: ecology
and evolution. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 29: 319−407.
Turley, C.M., Lochte, K. and Lampitt, R.S., 1995. Transformations
of biogenic particles during sedimentation in the northeastern
Atlantic. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B, 348: 179−189.
Vale, F.K. and Rex, M.A., 1988. Repaired shell damage in deepsea prosobranch gastropods from the western North Atlantic.
Malacologia, 28: 65−79.
Van Dover, C.L., 1990. Biogeography of hydrothermal vent
communities along seafloor spreading centers. Trends Ecol. Evol.,
5: 242−246.
Van Dover, C.L., 2000. The Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal
Vents. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 424 pp.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1998. Macrofaunal communities within
and adjacent to a detritus-rich submarine canyon system. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 45: 25−54.
Weaver, A.J., Eby, M., Fanning, A.F. and Wiebe, E.C., 1998.
Simulated influence of carbon dioxide, orbital forcing and ice
sheets on the climate of the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, 394:
847−853.
Weisshappel, J.B.F. and Svavarsson, J., 1998. Benthic amphipods
(Crustacea: Malacostraca) in Icelandic waters: diversity in relation
to faunal patterns from shallow to intermediate deep Arctic and
North Atlantic Oceans. Mar. Biol., 131: 133−143.
Whitlatch, R.B., 1980. Patterns of resource utilization and coexistence
in marine intertidal deposit-feeding communities. J. Mar. Res., 38:
743−765.
Wignall, P.B. and Twitchett, R.J., 1996. Oceanic anoxia and the end
Permian mass extinction. Science, 272: 1155−1158.
Wilson, G.D.F., 1998. Historical influences on deep-sea isopod
diversity in the Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 279−301.
Wilson, G.D.F. and Hessler, R.R., 1987. Speciation in the deep sea.
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 18: 185−207.
Young, C.M. and Eckelbarger, K.J. (Editors), 1994. Reproduction,
Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos.
Columbia University Press, New York, 336 pp.