218
Craig R. SMITH and Amanda W.J. DEMOPOULOS
composition and aerobic decomposition rates at a time-series
station in the abyssal NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 843−880.
Snelgrove, P.V.R. and Smith, C.R., 2002. A riot of species in an
environmental calm: the paradox of the species-rich deep sea.
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 40: 311–342.
Snider, L.J., Burnett, B.R. and Hessler, R.R., 1984. The composition
and distribution of meiofauna and nanobiota in a central North
Pacific deep-sea area. Deep-Sea Res., 31: 1225−1249.
Stephens, M.P., Kadko, D.C., Smith, C.R. and Latasa, M., 1997.
Chlorophyll-a and pheopigments as tracers of labile organic carbon
at the central equatorial Pacific seafloor. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 61: 4605−4619.
Suess, E., 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans – surface
productivity and oxygen utilization. Nature, 288: 260−263.
Sverdrup, H.U., Johson, M.W. and Fleming, R.H., 1942. The Oceans:
Their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology. Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1087 pp.
Tendal, O.S. and Hessler, R.R., 1977. An introduction to the
biology and systematics of Komokiacea (Textulania, Foraminifera).
Galathea Rep., 14: 165–194.
Thayer, C.W., 1983. Sediment-mediated biological disturbance and
the evolution of marine benthos. In: M.J.S. Tevesz and P.L. McCall
(Editors), Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Communities.
Plenum Press, New York, pp. 480–626.
Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J.,
Hemleben, Ch., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W.
and Riemann, F., 1988/89. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a
central oceanic region of the northeast Atlantic. Biol. Oceanogr.,
6: 203−239.
Thistle, D., 1978. Harpacticoid dispersion patterns: implications for
deep-sea diversity maintenance. J. Mar. Res., 36: 377−397.
Thistle, D., 1979a. Deep-sea harpacticoid copepod diversity
maintenance: the role of polychaetes. Mar. Biol., 52: 371−376.
Thistle, D., 1979b. Harpacticoid copepod and biogenic structures:
implications for deep-sea diversity maintenance. In: R.J. Livingston
(Editor), Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems.
Plenum Press, New York, pp. 217–231.
Thistle, D., 1983. The role of biologically produced habitat
heterogeneity in deep-sea diversity maintenance. Deep-Sea Res.,
30: 1235−1245.
Thunell, R.C., Pilskaln, C.H., Tappa, E. and Reynolds Sautter, L.,
1994. Temporal variability in sediment fluxes in the San Pedro
Basin, Southern California Bight. Continental Shelf Res., 14:
333−352.
Tomczak, M. and Godfrey, J.S., 1994. Regional Oceanography: An
Introduction. Pergamon, London, 422 pp.
Tyler, P.A., 1980. Deep-sea ophiuroids. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu.
Rev., 18: 125−153.
VanBlaricom, G.R., 1982. Experimental analysis of structural
regulation in a marine sand community exposed to oceanic swell.
Ecol. Monogr., 52: 283−305.
Vetter, E.W., 1994. Hotspots of benthic production. Nature, 372: 47.
Vetter, E.W., 1996. Enrichment experiments and infaunal population
cycles on a southern California sand plain: response of the
leptostracan Nebalia daytoni and other infauna. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 120: 251−262.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1998. Macrofaunal communities within
and adjacent to a detritus-rich submarine canyon system. Deep-Sea
Res., 45: 25−54.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1999. Organic enrichment by
macrophyte detritus, and abundance patterns of megafaunal
populations in submarine canyons. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 186:
137−148.
Vinogradova, N.G., 1979. The geographical distribution of the abyssal
and hadal (ultra-abyssal) fauna in relation to the vertical zonation
of the ocean. Sarsia, 64: 42−50.
Wakefield, W.W., 1990. Patterns in the Distribution of Demersal
Fishes on the Upper Continental Slope off Central California, with
Studies on the Role of Ontogenetic Vertical Migration on Particle
Flux. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at San Diego,
178 pp.
Wheatcroft, R.A., 1992. Experimental tests for particle sizedependent bioturbation in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37:
90−104.
Wheatcroft, R.A., Smith, C.R. and Jumars, P.A., 1989. Dynamics of
surficial trace assemblages in the deep sea. Deep-Sea Res., 36:
71−91.
Wilson Jr., R.R. and Kaufmann, R.S., 1987. Seamount biota and
biogeography. In: B. Keating, P. Fryer, R. Batiza and G. Boehlert
(Editors), Seamounts, Islands and Atolls. Geophys. Monogr. Am.
Geophys. Union, 43: 319−334.
Wishner, K.F., Levin, L.A., Gowing, M.M. and Mullineaux, L.S.,
1990. Involvement of the oxygen minimum in benthic zonation on
a deep seamount. Nature, 346: 57−59.
Wishner, K.F., Ashjian, C.J., Gelfman, C., Gowing, M.M., Kann, L.,
Levin, L.A., Mullineaux, L.S. and Saltzman, J., 1991. Pelagic and
benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Easter Tropical Pacific
oxygen-minimum zone. Deep-Sea Res. I, 42: 93−115.
Yager, P.L., Nowell, A.R.M. and Jumars, P.A., 1993. Enhance
deposition to pits: a local food source to benthos. J. Mar. Res., 48:
83−91.
Zmarzly, D.L., Stebbins, T.D., Pasko, D., Duggen, R.M. and Barwick,
K.L., 1994. Spatial patterns and temporal succession in soft-bottom
macroinvertebrate assemblages surrounding an ocean outfall on the
southern San Diego shelf: relation to anthropogenic events. Mar.
Biol., 118: 293−307.
Craig R. SMITH and Amanda W.J. DEMOPOULOS
composition and aerobic decomposition rates at a time-series
station in the abyssal NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 843−880.
Snelgrove, P.V.R. and Smith, C.R., 2002. A riot of species in an
environmental calm: the paradox of the species-rich deep sea.
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 40: 311–342.
Snider, L.J., Burnett, B.R. and Hessler, R.R., 1984. The composition
and distribution of meiofauna and nanobiota in a central North
Pacific deep-sea area. Deep-Sea Res., 31: 1225−1249.
Stephens, M.P., Kadko, D.C., Smith, C.R. and Latasa, M., 1997.
Chlorophyll-a and pheopigments as tracers of labile organic carbon
at the central equatorial Pacific seafloor. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 61: 4605−4619.
Suess, E., 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans – surface
productivity and oxygen utilization. Nature, 288: 260−263.
Sverdrup, H.U., Johson, M.W. and Fleming, R.H., 1942. The Oceans:
Their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology. Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1087 pp.
Tendal, O.S. and Hessler, R.R., 1977. An introduction to the
biology and systematics of Komokiacea (Textulania, Foraminifera).
Galathea Rep., 14: 165–194.
Thayer, C.W., 1983. Sediment-mediated biological disturbance and
the evolution of marine benthos. In: M.J.S. Tevesz and P.L. McCall
(Editors), Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Communities.
Plenum Press, New York, pp. 480–626.
Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J.,
Hemleben, Ch., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W.
and Riemann, F., 1988/89. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a
central oceanic region of the northeast Atlantic. Biol. Oceanogr.,
6: 203−239.
Thistle, D., 1978. Harpacticoid dispersion patterns: implications for
deep-sea diversity maintenance. J. Mar. Res., 36: 377−397.
Thistle, D., 1979a. Deep-sea harpacticoid copepod diversity
maintenance: the role of polychaetes. Mar. Biol., 52: 371−376.
Thistle, D., 1979b. Harpacticoid copepod and biogenic structures:
implications for deep-sea diversity maintenance. In: R.J. Livingston
(Editor), Ecological Processes in Coastal and Marine Systems.
Plenum Press, New York, pp. 217–231.
Thistle, D., 1983. The role of biologically produced habitat
heterogeneity in deep-sea diversity maintenance. Deep-Sea Res.,
30: 1235−1245.
Thunell, R.C., Pilskaln, C.H., Tappa, E. and Reynolds Sautter, L.,
1994. Temporal variability in sediment fluxes in the San Pedro
Basin, Southern California Bight. Continental Shelf Res., 14:
333−352.
Tomczak, M. and Godfrey, J.S., 1994. Regional Oceanography: An
Introduction. Pergamon, London, 422 pp.
Tyler, P.A., 1980. Deep-sea ophiuroids. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu.
Rev., 18: 125−153.
VanBlaricom, G.R., 1982. Experimental analysis of structural
regulation in a marine sand community exposed to oceanic swell.
Ecol. Monogr., 52: 283−305.
Vetter, E.W., 1994. Hotspots of benthic production. Nature, 372: 47.
Vetter, E.W., 1996. Enrichment experiments and infaunal population
cycles on a southern California sand plain: response of the
leptostracan Nebalia daytoni and other infauna. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 120: 251−262.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1998. Macrofaunal communities within
and adjacent to a detritus-rich submarine canyon system. Deep-Sea
Res., 45: 25−54.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1999. Organic enrichment by
macrophyte detritus, and abundance patterns of megafaunal
populations in submarine canyons. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 186:
137−148.
Vinogradova, N.G., 1979. The geographical distribution of the abyssal
and hadal (ultra-abyssal) fauna in relation to the vertical zonation
of the ocean. Sarsia, 64: 42−50.
Wakefield, W.W., 1990. Patterns in the Distribution of Demersal
Fishes on the Upper Continental Slope off Central California, with
Studies on the Role of Ontogenetic Vertical Migration on Particle
Flux. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at San Diego,
178 pp.
Wheatcroft, R.A., 1992. Experimental tests for particle sizedependent bioturbation in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37:
90−104.
Wheatcroft, R.A., Smith, C.R. and Jumars, P.A., 1989. Dynamics of
surficial trace assemblages in the deep sea. Deep-Sea Res., 36:
71−91.
Wilson Jr., R.R. and Kaufmann, R.S., 1987. Seamount biota and
biogeography. In: B. Keating, P. Fryer, R. Batiza and G. Boehlert
(Editors), Seamounts, Islands and Atolls. Geophys. Monogr. Am.
Geophys. Union, 43: 319−334.
Wishner, K.F., Levin, L.A., Gowing, M.M. and Mullineaux, L.S.,
1990. Involvement of the oxygen minimum in benthic zonation on
a deep seamount. Nature, 346: 57−59.
Wishner, K.F., Ashjian, C.J., Gelfman, C., Gowing, M.M., Kann, L.,
Levin, L.A., Mullineaux, L.S. and Saltzman, J., 1991. Pelagic and
benthic ecology of the lower interface of the Easter Tropical Pacific
oxygen-minimum zone. Deep-Sea Res. I, 42: 93−115.
Yager, P.L., Nowell, A.R.M. and Jumars, P.A., 1993. Enhance
deposition to pits: a local food source to benthos. J. Mar. Res., 48:
83−91.
Zmarzly, D.L., Stebbins, T.D., Pasko, D., Duggen, R.M. and Barwick,
K.L., 1994. Spatial patterns and temporal succession in soft-bottom
macroinvertebrate assemblages surrounding an ocean outfall on the
southern San Diego shelf: relation to anthropogenic events. Mar.
Biol., 118: 293−307.