214
Craig R. SMITH and Amanda W.J. DEMOPOULOS
Archer, D., Emerson, S. and Smith, C.R., 1989. Direct measurement
of the diffusive sublayer at the deep sea floor using oxygen
microelectrodes. Nature, 340: 623−626.
Arntz, W.E., Tarazona, J., Gallardo, V.A., Flores, L.A. and Salzwedel,
H., 1991. Benthos communities in oxygen deficient shelf and upper
slope areas of the Peruvian and Chilean Pacific coast, and changes
caused by El Ni˜ no. In: R.V. Tyson and T.H. Pearson (Editors),
Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia. Geol. Soc. Spec.
Publ., 58: 131–154.
Austen, M.C., Widdicombe, S. and Villano-Pitacco, N., 1998. Effects
of biological disturbance on diversity and structure of meiobenthic
nematode communities. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 174: 233−246.
Barham, E.G., Ayer Jr., N.J. and Boyce, V., 1967. Macrobenthos of
the San Diego Trough: photographic census and observations from
bathyscaphe, “Trieste”. Deep-Sea Res., 14: 773−784.
Barnard, J.L. and Ingram, C.L., 1986. The supergiant amphipod
Alicella gigantea Chevreux from the North Pacific Gyre.
J. Crustacean Biol., 6: 825−839.
Beaulieu, S.E., 2002. Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities
in the deep sea. Mar. Biol., 138: 803−817.
Beaulieu, S.E. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Phytodetritus entering the
benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the
abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition. DeepSea Res. II, 45: 781−815.
Belyaev, G.M., 1972. Hadal Bottom Fauna of the World Ocean.
Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
English translation published by Smithsonian Institution – National
Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 199 pp.
Bennett, B.A., Smith, C.R., Glaser, B. and Maybaum, H.L., 1994.
Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on
whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 108: 205−223.
Berelson, W.M., McManus, J.F., Coale, K.H., Johnson, K.S.,
Kilgore, T., Burdige, D.J. and Pilskaln, C.H., 1996. Biogenic matter
diagenesis on the sea floor: a comparison between two continental
margin transects. J. Mar. Res., 54: 731−762.
Berelson, W.M., Anderson, R.F., Dymond, J., DeMaster, D.J.,
Hammond, D.E., Collier, R., Honjo, S., Leinen, M., McManus, J.F.,
Pope, R.H., Smith, C.R. and Stephens, M.P., 1997. Biogenic
budgets of particle rain, benthic remineralization and sediment
accumulation in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44:
2251−2282.
Berger, W.H., 1974. Deep-sea sedimentation. In: C.A. Burke and C.D.
Drake (Editors), The Geology of Continental Margins. Springer,
New York, pp. 213–241.
Berger, W.H., 1989. Global maps of ocean productivity. In: W.H.
Berger, V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer (Editors), Productivity of the
Ocean: Present and Past. Wiley, Chicago, pp. 429–455.
Berner, R.A., 1982. Burial of organic matter and pyrite sulfur in the
modern ocean: its geochemical and environmental significance.
Am. J. Sci., 282: 451−473.
Bernhard, J.M., 1992. Benthic foraminiferal distribution and biomass
related to porewater oxygen content: central California continental
slope and rise. Deep-Sea Res., 39: 585−605.
Boehlert, G.W. and Genin, A., 1987. A review of the effects
of seamounts on biological processes. In: Seamount Biological
Oceanography. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC,
pp. 319–334.
Borowski, C. and Thiel, H., 1998. Deep-sea macrofaunal impacts
of a large-scale physical disturbance experiment in the Southeast
Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 48: 55−81.
Boudreau, B.P., 1998. Mean mixed layer depth of sediments: the
wherefore and why. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43: 524−526.
Britton, J.C. and Morton, B., 1994. Marine carrion and scavengers.
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 32: 369−434.
Brown, C.J., 1998. Effects of Phytodetrital Input on Nematode
Communities of the Abyssal, Equatorial Pacific. Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Southampton, England, 302 pp.
Brown, C.J., Lambshead, P.J.D., Smith, C.R., Hawkins, L.E. and
Farley, R., 2002. Phytodetritus and the abundance and biomass of
abyssal nematodes in the central equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res.,
48: 555−565.
Burnett, B.R., 1979. Quantitative sampling of microbiota of the deepsea benthos. II. Evaluation of technique and introduction to the
biota of the San Diego Trough. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc., 98:
233−242.
Burnett, B.R., 1981. Quantitative sampling of nanobiota (microbiota)
of the deep-sea benthos. III. The bathyal San Diego Trough. DeepSea Res., 28A: 649−663.
Carpenter, R., Peterson, M.L. and Bennett, J.T., 1982. 210 Pb-Derived
sediment accumulation and mixing rates for the Washington
continental slope. Mar. Geol., 48: 135−164.
Carpenter, R., Peterson, M.L. and Bennett, J.T., 1985. 210 Pb-derived
sediment accumulation and mixing rates for the greater Puget
Sound region. Mar. Geol., 64: 291−312.
Cochran, J.K., 1985. Particle mixing rates in sediments of the
eastern equatorial Pacific: evidence from 210 Pb, 239,240 Pu, and
137 Cs distributions at MANOP sites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,
49: 1195−1210.
Dahl, E., 1979. Deep-sea carrion feeding amphipods: evolutionary
patterns in niche adaptation. Oikos, 33: 167−175.
Dayton, P.K. and Hessler, R.R., 1972. Role of biological disturbance
in maintaining diversity in the deep-sea. Deep-Sea Res., 19:
199−208.
Diaz, R.J. and Rosenberg, R., 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review
of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic
macrofauna. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 33: 245−303.
Drazen, J.C., Baldwin, R.J. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Sediment
community response to a temporally varying food supply at an
abyssal station in the NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 893−913.
Dymond, J. and Collier, R., 1988. Biogenic particle fluxes in the
equatorial pacific: evidence for both high and low productivity
during the 1982–1983 El Ni˜ no. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2:
129−137.
Emery, K.O., 1960. The Sea Off Southern California. Wiley, New
York, 366 pp.
Fornes, W.L., DeMaster, D.J. and Smith, C.R., 2002. A particle
introduction experiment in Santa Catalina Basin sediments: testing
the age-dependent mixing hypothesis. J. Mar. Res., 59: 97−112.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1991. Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History
of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 504 pp.
Gardner, W.D., Sullivan, L.G. and Thorndike, E.M., 1984. Longterm photographic, current, and nephelometer observations of
manganese nodule environments in the Pacific. Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 70: 95−109.
Genin, A., Dayton, P.K., Lonsdale, P.F. and Spiess, F.N., 1986. Corals
Craig R. SMITH and Amanda W.J. DEMOPOULOS
Archer, D., Emerson, S. and Smith, C.R., 1989. Direct measurement
of the diffusive sublayer at the deep sea floor using oxygen
microelectrodes. Nature, 340: 623−626.
Arntz, W.E., Tarazona, J., Gallardo, V.A., Flores, L.A. and Salzwedel,
H., 1991. Benthos communities in oxygen deficient shelf and upper
slope areas of the Peruvian and Chilean Pacific coast, and changes
caused by El Ni˜ no. In: R.V. Tyson and T.H. Pearson (Editors),
Modern and Ancient Continental Shelf Anoxia. Geol. Soc. Spec.
Publ., 58: 131–154.
Austen, M.C., Widdicombe, S. and Villano-Pitacco, N., 1998. Effects
of biological disturbance on diversity and structure of meiobenthic
nematode communities. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 174: 233−246.
Barham, E.G., Ayer Jr., N.J. and Boyce, V., 1967. Macrobenthos of
the San Diego Trough: photographic census and observations from
bathyscaphe, “Trieste”. Deep-Sea Res., 14: 773−784.
Barnard, J.L. and Ingram, C.L., 1986. The supergiant amphipod
Alicella gigantea Chevreux from the North Pacific Gyre.
J. Crustacean Biol., 6: 825−839.
Beaulieu, S.E., 2002. Life on glass houses: sponge stalk communities
in the deep sea. Mar. Biol., 138: 803−817.
Beaulieu, S.E. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Phytodetritus entering the
benthic boundary layer and aggregated on the sea floor in the
abyssal NE Pacific: macro- and microscopic composition. DeepSea Res. II, 45: 781−815.
Belyaev, G.M., 1972. Hadal Bottom Fauna of the World Ocean.
Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
English translation published by Smithsonian Institution – National
Science Foundation, Washington, DC, 199 pp.
Bennett, B.A., Smith, C.R., Glaser, B. and Maybaum, H.L., 1994.
Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on
whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 108: 205−223.
Berelson, W.M., McManus, J.F., Coale, K.H., Johnson, K.S.,
Kilgore, T., Burdige, D.J. and Pilskaln, C.H., 1996. Biogenic matter
diagenesis on the sea floor: a comparison between two continental
margin transects. J. Mar. Res., 54: 731−762.
Berelson, W.M., Anderson, R.F., Dymond, J., DeMaster, D.J.,
Hammond, D.E., Collier, R., Honjo, S., Leinen, M., McManus, J.F.,
Pope, R.H., Smith, C.R. and Stephens, M.P., 1997. Biogenic
budgets of particle rain, benthic remineralization and sediment
accumulation in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44:
2251−2282.
Berger, W.H., 1974. Deep-sea sedimentation. In: C.A. Burke and C.D.
Drake (Editors), The Geology of Continental Margins. Springer,
New York, pp. 213–241.
Berger, W.H., 1989. Global maps of ocean productivity. In: W.H.
Berger, V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer (Editors), Productivity of the
Ocean: Present and Past. Wiley, Chicago, pp. 429–455.
Berner, R.A., 1982. Burial of organic matter and pyrite sulfur in the
modern ocean: its geochemical and environmental significance.
Am. J. Sci., 282: 451−473.
Bernhard, J.M., 1992. Benthic foraminiferal distribution and biomass
related to porewater oxygen content: central California continental
slope and rise. Deep-Sea Res., 39: 585−605.
Boehlert, G.W. and Genin, A., 1987. A review of the effects
of seamounts on biological processes. In: Seamount Biological
Oceanography. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC,
pp. 319–334.
Borowski, C. and Thiel, H., 1998. Deep-sea macrofaunal impacts
of a large-scale physical disturbance experiment in the Southeast
Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 48: 55−81.
Boudreau, B.P., 1998. Mean mixed layer depth of sediments: the
wherefore and why. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43: 524−526.
Britton, J.C. and Morton, B., 1994. Marine carrion and scavengers.
Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 32: 369−434.
Brown, C.J., 1998. Effects of Phytodetrital Input on Nematode
Communities of the Abyssal, Equatorial Pacific. Ph.D. Dissertation,
University of Southampton, England, 302 pp.
Brown, C.J., Lambshead, P.J.D., Smith, C.R., Hawkins, L.E. and
Farley, R., 2002. Phytodetritus and the abundance and biomass of
abyssal nematodes in the central equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res.,
48: 555−565.
Burnett, B.R., 1979. Quantitative sampling of microbiota of the deepsea benthos. II. Evaluation of technique and introduction to the
biota of the San Diego Trough. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc., 98:
233−242.
Burnett, B.R., 1981. Quantitative sampling of nanobiota (microbiota)
of the deep-sea benthos. III. The bathyal San Diego Trough. DeepSea Res., 28A: 649−663.
Carpenter, R., Peterson, M.L. and Bennett, J.T., 1982. 210 Pb-Derived
sediment accumulation and mixing rates for the Washington
continental slope. Mar. Geol., 48: 135−164.
Carpenter, R., Peterson, M.L. and Bennett, J.T., 1985. 210 Pb-derived
sediment accumulation and mixing rates for the greater Puget
Sound region. Mar. Geol., 64: 291−312.
Cochran, J.K., 1985. Particle mixing rates in sediments of the
eastern equatorial Pacific: evidence from 210 Pb, 239,240 Pu, and
137 Cs distributions at MANOP sites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,
49: 1195−1210.
Dahl, E., 1979. Deep-sea carrion feeding amphipods: evolutionary
patterns in niche adaptation. Oikos, 33: 167−175.
Dayton, P.K. and Hessler, R.R., 1972. Role of biological disturbance
in maintaining diversity in the deep-sea. Deep-Sea Res., 19:
199−208.
Diaz, R.J. and Rosenberg, R., 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review
of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic
macrofauna. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 33: 245−303.
Drazen, J.C., Baldwin, R.J. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Sediment
community response to a temporally varying food supply at an
abyssal station in the NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 893−913.
Dymond, J. and Collier, R., 1988. Biogenic particle fluxes in the
equatorial pacific: evidence for both high and low productivity
during the 1982–1983 El Ni˜ no. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 2:
129−137.
Emery, K.O., 1960. The Sea Off Southern California. Wiley, New
York, 366 pp.
Fornes, W.L., DeMaster, D.J. and Smith, C.R., 2002. A particle
introduction experiment in Santa Catalina Basin sediments: testing
the age-dependent mixing hypothesis. J. Mar. Res., 59: 97−112.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1991. Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History
of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 504 pp.
Gardner, W.D., Sullivan, L.G. and Thorndike, E.M., 1984. Longterm photographic, current, and nephelometer observations of
manganese nodule environments in the Pacific. Earth Planet. Sci.
Lett., 70: 95−109.
Genin, A., Dayton, P.K., Lonsdale, P.F. and Spiess, F.N., 1986. Corals