THE DEEP ATLANTIC OCEAN
167
Aller, J.Y., 1989. Quantifying sediment disturbances by bottom
currents and its effect on benthic communities in a deep-sea
western boundary zone. Deep-Sea Res., 36: 901−934.
Aller, J.Y. and Aller, R.C., 1986. Evidence for localized enhancement
of biological activity associated with tube and burrow structures in
deep-sea sediments at the HEBBLE site, western North Atlantic.
Deep-Sea Res., 33: 755−790.
Aller, R.C., 1982. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties
of marine sediment and overlying water. In: P.L. McCall and M.J.
Tevesz (Editors), Animal Sediment Relations. Plenum Press, New
York, pp. 53–102.
Aller, R.C. and DeMaster, D.J., 1984. Estimates of particle flux and
reworking at the deep-sea floor using 234Th/238U disequilibrium.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67: 308−318.
Altenbach, A.V., 1988. Deep sea benthic foraminifera and flux rate of
organic carbon. Rev. Paleobiol., Special Volume No 2: 719−720.
Altenbach, A.V., 1992. Short term processes and patterns in the
foraminiferal response to organic flux rates. Mar. Micropaleontol.,
19: 119−129.
Altenbach, A.V. and Sarnthein, M., 1989. Productivity record in
benthic foraminifera. In: W.H. Berger, V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer
(Editors), Productivity of the Ocean, Dahlem Workshop Reports,
Life Sciences Research Report 44. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 255–
269.
Anderson, R.F., Bopp, R.F., Buesseler, K.O. and Biscaye, P.E., 1988.
Mixing of particles and organic constituents in sediments from
the continental shelf and slope off Cape Cod: SEEP-I results.
Continental Shelf Res., 8: 925−946.
Apostolescu, V., Montarges, M. and Wanneson, J., 1978.
Morphologie, Structure et S´ ediments de l’Atlantique-Nord (´ etude
bibliographique). Institut Fran¸ cais du P´ etrole, Division G´ eologie,
Report 22 328, Planche 1−16, 54 pp.
Armstrong, J.D., Bagley, P.M. and Priede, I.G., 1992. Photographic
and acoustic tracking observations of the behavior of the grenadier
Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus, the eel Synaphobranchus
bathybius, and other abyssal demersal fish in the North Atlantic
Ocean. Mar. Biol., 112: 535−44.
Atkinson, L.P. and Menzel, D.W., 1985. Coastal and estuarine
sciences. In: L.P. Atkinson, D.W. Menzel and K.A. Bush
(Editors), Oceanography of the Southeastern U.S. Continental
Shelf. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 1–9.
Auffret, G.A., 1985. Environnement morphologique et s´ edimentologique. In: L. Laubier and Cl. Monniot (Editors), Peuplements
Profonds du Golfe de Gascogne. Institut Fran¸ caise de Recherche
pour L’Exploration de la Mer, Brest, pp. 71–99.
Auffret, G.A., Geistdoerfer, P., Gaillard, J.-F., Reyss, J.-L.,
Rabouille, C., Voisset, M., Coutelle, A., M¨ uller, C., Kerbrat, R.,
Monti, S., Ondreas, H. and Mauviel, A., 1992. Caract´ erisation
s´ edimentologique et biologique pr´ eliminaire des sites du projet
EUMELI. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. II, 314: 187–194.
Barthel, D., Tendal, O.S. and Thiel, H., 1996. A wandering
population of the hexactinellid sponge Pheronema carpenteri on
the continental slope off Morocco, northwest Africa. Mar. Ecol.
Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli, 17: 603−616.
Berger, W.H., 1975. Deep-sea carbonates: dissolution profiles from
foraminiferal calcite. In: W.V. Sliter, A.W.H. B´ e, W.H. Berger
(Editors), Dissolution in Deep-Sea Carbonates. Cushman Found.
Foraminiferal Res. Spec. Publ., 13: 82−86.
Berger, W.H., 1978. Deep-sea carbonate: pteropod distribution and
the aragonite compensation depth. Deep-Sea Res., 25, 447−452.
Berger, W.H., 1989. Global maps of oceanic productivity. In: W.H.
Berger, V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer (Editors), Productivity of
the Ocean, Dahlem Workshop Reports, Life Sciences Research
Report 44. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 429–455.
Berger, W.H. and Wefer, G., 1996. Central themes of South Atlantic
circulation. In: G. Wefer, W.H. Berger, G. Siedler and D.J. Webb
(Editors), The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation.
Springer, Berlin, pp. 1–11.
Berner, R.A., 1980. Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, 241 pp.
Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1992. The influence of hexactinellid sponge
(Pheronema carpenteri) spicules on the patchy distribution of
macrobenthos in the Porcupine Seabight (bathyal NE Atlantic).
Ophelia, 36: 217−226.
Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1993. The feeding behaviour of an abyssal
echiuran revealed by in situ time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea
Res., 40: 1767−1779.
Bett, B.J., Rice, A.L. and Thurston, M.H., 1995. A quantitative
photographic survey of ‘spoke-burrow’ type Lebensspuren on the
Cape Verde Abyssal Plain. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80:
153−170.
Billett, D.S.M., 1991. Deep-sea holothurians. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 29: 259−317.
Billett, D.S.M. (Editor), 2002. High-resolution temporal and spatial
study of the benthic biology and geochemistry of a north-eastern
Atlantic abyssal locality (BENGAL). Prog. Oceanogr., 50(1–4),
458 pp.
Billett, D.S.M. and Hansen, B., 1982. Abyssal aggregations of Kolga
hyalina Danielssen and Koren (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in
the northeast Atlantic Ocean: a preliminary report. Deep-Sea Res.,
29: 799−818.
Billett, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., Rice, A.L. and Mantoura, R.F.C., 1983.
Seasonal sedimentation of phytodetritus to the deep-sea benthos.
Nature, 302: 520−522.
Billett, D.S.M., Llewellyn, C. and Watson, J., 1988. Are deep-sea
holothurians selective feeders? In: R.D. Burke, P.V. Mladenov,
P. Lambert and R. Parsley (Editors), Echinoderm Biology,
Proceedings of the Sixth International Echinoderm Conference,
Victoria, 23–28 August 1987. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 421–
429.
Billett, D.S.M., Bett, B.J., Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H., Gal´ eron, J.,
Sibuet, M. and Wolff, G.A., 2002. Long-term change in the
megabenthos of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic). Prog.
Oceanogr., 50: 325−348.
Biscaye, P.E., Kolla, V. and Turekian, K.K., 1976. Distribution of
calcium carbonate in surface sediments of the Atlantic Ocean.
J. Geophys. Res., 81: 2595−2603.
Blair, N.E., Plaia, G.R., Boehme, S.E., DeMaster, D.J. and Levin,
L.A., 1994. The remineralization of organic carbon on the North
Carolina continental slope. Deep-Sea Res., 41: 755−766.
Blair, N.E., Levin, L.A., DeMaster, D.J. and Plaia, G.R., 1996. The
short-term fate of fresh algal carbon in continental slope sediments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 41: 1208–1219.
Blake, J.A. and Diaz, R.J., 1994. Input, accumulation and cycling
of materials on the continental slope off Cape Hatteras: an
introduction. Deep-Sea Res., 41: 707−710.
Blake, J.A. and Grassle, J.F., 1994. Benthic community structure
167
Aller, J.Y., 1989. Quantifying sediment disturbances by bottom
currents and its effect on benthic communities in a deep-sea
western boundary zone. Deep-Sea Res., 36: 901−934.
Aller, J.Y. and Aller, R.C., 1986. Evidence for localized enhancement
of biological activity associated with tube and burrow structures in
deep-sea sediments at the HEBBLE site, western North Atlantic.
Deep-Sea Res., 33: 755−790.
Aller, R.C., 1982. The effects of macrobenthos on chemical properties
of marine sediment and overlying water. In: P.L. McCall and M.J.
Tevesz (Editors), Animal Sediment Relations. Plenum Press, New
York, pp. 53–102.
Aller, R.C. and DeMaster, D.J., 1984. Estimates of particle flux and
reworking at the deep-sea floor using 234Th/238U disequilibrium.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 67: 308−318.
Altenbach, A.V., 1988. Deep sea benthic foraminifera and flux rate of
organic carbon. Rev. Paleobiol., Special Volume No 2: 719−720.
Altenbach, A.V., 1992. Short term processes and patterns in the
foraminiferal response to organic flux rates. Mar. Micropaleontol.,
19: 119−129.
Altenbach, A.V. and Sarnthein, M., 1989. Productivity record in
benthic foraminifera. In: W.H. Berger, V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer
(Editors), Productivity of the Ocean, Dahlem Workshop Reports,
Life Sciences Research Report 44. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 255–
269.
Anderson, R.F., Bopp, R.F., Buesseler, K.O. and Biscaye, P.E., 1988.
Mixing of particles and organic constituents in sediments from
the continental shelf and slope off Cape Cod: SEEP-I results.
Continental Shelf Res., 8: 925−946.
Apostolescu, V., Montarges, M. and Wanneson, J., 1978.
Morphologie, Structure et S´ ediments de l’Atlantique-Nord (´ etude
bibliographique). Institut Fran¸ cais du P´ etrole, Division G´ eologie,
Report 22 328, Planche 1−16, 54 pp.
Armstrong, J.D., Bagley, P.M. and Priede, I.G., 1992. Photographic
and acoustic tracking observations of the behavior of the grenadier
Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus, the eel Synaphobranchus
bathybius, and other abyssal demersal fish in the North Atlantic
Ocean. Mar. Biol., 112: 535−44.
Atkinson, L.P. and Menzel, D.W., 1985. Coastal and estuarine
sciences. In: L.P. Atkinson, D.W. Menzel and K.A. Bush
(Editors), Oceanography of the Southeastern U.S. Continental
Shelf. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 1–9.
Auffret, G.A., 1985. Environnement morphologique et s´ edimentologique. In: L. Laubier and Cl. Monniot (Editors), Peuplements
Profonds du Golfe de Gascogne. Institut Fran¸ caise de Recherche
pour L’Exploration de la Mer, Brest, pp. 71–99.
Auffret, G.A., Geistdoerfer, P., Gaillard, J.-F., Reyss, J.-L.,
Rabouille, C., Voisset, M., Coutelle, A., M¨ uller, C., Kerbrat, R.,
Monti, S., Ondreas, H. and Mauviel, A., 1992. Caract´ erisation
s´ edimentologique et biologique pr´ eliminaire des sites du projet
EUMELI. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. II, 314: 187–194.
Barthel, D., Tendal, O.S. and Thiel, H., 1996. A wandering
population of the hexactinellid sponge Pheronema carpenteri on
the continental slope off Morocco, northwest Africa. Mar. Ecol.
Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli, 17: 603−616.
Berger, W.H., 1975. Deep-sea carbonates: dissolution profiles from
foraminiferal calcite. In: W.V. Sliter, A.W.H. B´ e, W.H. Berger
(Editors), Dissolution in Deep-Sea Carbonates. Cushman Found.
Foraminiferal Res. Spec. Publ., 13: 82−86.
Berger, W.H., 1978. Deep-sea carbonate: pteropod distribution and
the aragonite compensation depth. Deep-Sea Res., 25, 447−452.
Berger, W.H., 1989. Global maps of oceanic productivity. In: W.H.
Berger, V.S. Smetacek and G. Wefer (Editors), Productivity of
the Ocean, Dahlem Workshop Reports, Life Sciences Research
Report 44. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 429–455.
Berger, W.H. and Wefer, G., 1996. Central themes of South Atlantic
circulation. In: G. Wefer, W.H. Berger, G. Siedler and D.J. Webb
(Editors), The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation.
Springer, Berlin, pp. 1–11.
Berner, R.A., 1980. Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, 241 pp.
Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1992. The influence of hexactinellid sponge
(Pheronema carpenteri) spicules on the patchy distribution of
macrobenthos in the Porcupine Seabight (bathyal NE Atlantic).
Ophelia, 36: 217−226.
Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1993. The feeding behaviour of an abyssal
echiuran revealed by in situ time-lapse photography. Deep-Sea
Res., 40: 1767−1779.
Bett, B.J., Rice, A.L. and Thurston, M.H., 1995. A quantitative
photographic survey of ‘spoke-burrow’ type Lebensspuren on the
Cape Verde Abyssal Plain. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80:
153−170.
Billett, D.S.M., 1991. Deep-sea holothurians. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 29: 259−317.
Billett, D.S.M. (Editor), 2002. High-resolution temporal and spatial
study of the benthic biology and geochemistry of a north-eastern
Atlantic abyssal locality (BENGAL). Prog. Oceanogr., 50(1–4),
458 pp.
Billett, D.S.M. and Hansen, B., 1982. Abyssal aggregations of Kolga
hyalina Danielssen and Koren (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in
the northeast Atlantic Ocean: a preliminary report. Deep-Sea Res.,
29: 799−818.
Billett, D.S.M., Lampitt, R.S., Rice, A.L. and Mantoura, R.F.C., 1983.
Seasonal sedimentation of phytodetritus to the deep-sea benthos.
Nature, 302: 520−522.
Billett, D.S.M., Llewellyn, C. and Watson, J., 1988. Are deep-sea
holothurians selective feeders? In: R.D. Burke, P.V. Mladenov,
P. Lambert and R. Parsley (Editors), Echinoderm Biology,
Proceedings of the Sixth International Echinoderm Conference,
Victoria, 23–28 August 1987. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 421–
429.
Billett, D.S.M., Bett, B.J., Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H., Gal´ eron, J.,
Sibuet, M. and Wolff, G.A., 2002. Long-term change in the
megabenthos of the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (NE Atlantic). Prog.
Oceanogr., 50: 325−348.
Biscaye, P.E., Kolla, V. and Turekian, K.K., 1976. Distribution of
calcium carbonate in surface sediments of the Atlantic Ocean.
J. Geophys. Res., 81: 2595−2603.
Blair, N.E., Plaia, G.R., Boehme, S.E., DeMaster, D.J. and Levin,
L.A., 1994. The remineralization of organic carbon on the North
Carolina continental slope. Deep-Sea Res., 41: 755−766.
Blair, N.E., Levin, L.A., DeMaster, D.J. and Plaia, G.R., 1996. The
short-term fate of fresh algal carbon in continental slope sediments.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 41: 1208–1219.
Blake, J.A. and Diaz, R.J., 1994. Input, accumulation and cycling
of materials on the continental slope off Cape Hatteras: an
introduction. Deep-Sea Res., 41: 707−710.
Blake, J.A. and Grassle, J.F., 1994. Benthic community structure