by ablation experiments began early in the 19th century by
A characteristic
p0int in the
study of the
Sh brain is: 35
neurologists, who conducted research on the brains of
C- J- Hernck had already pomted Out In 1899, the discovery
of the fact that its outer form and the pattern of its inner
various kinds of animals.
_
_
Prior to Flourens (1842) who systematically
removed
SÎVUCÎUVG differ conaderably
according to the kind of sh,
'
the forebrains of many kinds of animals, Desmoulins
The environment ln WhlCh they live varies greatly.
Some
(1825), it is said, made removal experiments on the
5h szm thousands Of miles, some move about on the sea
forebrain of sh.
According to their observations not
bottom, some y hundreds of meters, some spend their
much difference was found … the movement and other
whole lives in dark caves and some generate electrical
functions of sh even after the forebrain was removed.
current of many hundreds Of VOiÎSACtualiyl their
The experiments by removal or damage of various parts of
movements, forms and structures are multifarious.
the sh brain such as the optio tectum, cerebellum, and
Studies of the brains of many kinds of fish, reveal that their
medulla oblongata, were conducted by a number of
ecological characteristics are reected upon the structures of
neurologists, i.e., Flourens (1842), Baudelot (1864), Vulpian
their brains.
This nding is advantageous to the study of
(1866), Ferrier (1876), Steiner (1888), Loeb (1899) and
the correlation between function and structure of the brain.
others in the 19th century, but results failed to reveal the
For example, in the medulla 0blongata of Cyprinidae Which
function of different parts of the sh brain … detail.
has barbels and also taste buds scattered widely over the
Studies of its function and structure by a combination of
body, there exist enormously hypertrophied lobes Which
the ablation and histological Marchi method, began with
cannot be found in the brains of other sh.
It is evident
the coming of the 20th century (Wallenberg, 1907; Tuge,
that the development of gustation has invited this change
1934)_
in the brain structure.
One point worthy of special mention
in relation to this subject is that a study based on
One important result of research in comparative neurology
Bell-Magendie’s doctrine Of spinal nerves upon cranial
which had developed in the later years of the 19th century,
nerves was carried out by Strong (1895) on tadpoles.
was the fact that the study of the inner structure of the sh
Encouraged by Strong’s research, active studies were made
brain was being conducted in several laboratories in Europe
in the United States on the cranial nerves and the
and the United States.
Not only comparative neurologists
terminating nerve centers of sh which are easily available
but also some psychiatrists engaged in research work on the
for analysis.
Consequently, with the establishment of the
sh brain with the idea that the study of the sh brain
doctrine of nerve components both the central and
provides not only an approach to the subject of evolution of
peripheral relation of sensory and motor components
the brain but that the analysis, as van Gehuchten (1894)
became considerably clearer even in the brains of higher
stated in his study of the brain of teleosts, of
forms.
comparatively simple brains such as those of sh, is
lt must be noted that a great contribution to the study of
conducive to the understanding of the complicated brains
sh brain was made by Ariens Kappers and his school at
of mammals.
As pioneers of this study the following
Amsterdam.
His study of the sh brain began at the
names
may be mentioned:
G. Fritsch, G. Bellonci, L.
beginning of the 20th century.
With the assistance of his
Edinger, van Gehuchten, Ramôn y Cajal, C. L. Herrick, C. J.
co-workers he made various analyses of sh brains based
Herrick, J. B. Johnston, K. Goldstein, C. U. Ariens Kappers,
on the doctrine of nerve components and thereby established
etc.. Many of these pioneer works were focussed upon the
the foundation for his theory of neurobiotaxis.
homology of nuclei, ber tracts and structures of the sh
ln connection with the evolution of the brain, it should be
brain as well as those of mammals.
Whether or not the
mentioned here that 'a kind of teleost, a certain genera of
denomination is correct, the same nomenclatures used for
Coelacanthi which lived in the Devonian era, was caught
the mammalian brain are, in many cases, being used for
rst in 1938.
Its brain was studied by Millot and Anthony
various parts Of the Sh brain.
(1956).
its brain is very small compared with the size of
A characteristic
p0int in the
study of the
Sh brain is: 35
neurologists, who conducted research on the brains of
C- J- Hernck had already pomted Out In 1899, the discovery
of the fact that its outer form and the pattern of its inner
various kinds of animals.
_
_
Prior to Flourens (1842) who systematically
removed
SÎVUCÎUVG differ conaderably
according to the kind of sh,
'
the forebrains of many kinds of animals, Desmoulins
The environment ln WhlCh they live varies greatly.
Some
(1825), it is said, made removal experiments on the
5h szm thousands Of miles, some move about on the sea
forebrain of sh.
According to their observations not
bottom, some y hundreds of meters, some spend their
much difference was found … the movement and other
whole lives in dark caves and some generate electrical
functions of sh even after the forebrain was removed.
current of many hundreds Of VOiÎSACtualiyl their
The experiments by removal or damage of various parts of
movements, forms and structures are multifarious.
the sh brain such as the optio tectum, cerebellum, and
Studies of the brains of many kinds of fish, reveal that their
medulla oblongata, were conducted by a number of
ecological characteristics are reected upon the structures of
neurologists, i.e., Flourens (1842), Baudelot (1864), Vulpian
their brains.
This nding is advantageous to the study of
(1866), Ferrier (1876), Steiner (1888), Loeb (1899) and
the correlation between function and structure of the brain.
others in the 19th century, but results failed to reveal the
For example, in the medulla 0blongata of Cyprinidae Which
function of different parts of the sh brain … detail.
has barbels and also taste buds scattered widely over the
Studies of its function and structure by a combination of
body, there exist enormously hypertrophied lobes Which
the ablation and histological Marchi method, began with
cannot be found in the brains of other sh.
It is evident
the coming of the 20th century (Wallenberg, 1907; Tuge,
that the development of gustation has invited this change
1934)_
in the brain structure.
One point worthy of special mention
in relation to this subject is that a study based on
One important result of research in comparative neurology
Bell-Magendie’s doctrine Of spinal nerves upon cranial
which had developed in the later years of the 19th century,
nerves was carried out by Strong (1895) on tadpoles.
was the fact that the study of the inner structure of the sh
Encouraged by Strong’s research, active studies were made
brain was being conducted in several laboratories in Europe
in the United States on the cranial nerves and the
and the United States.
Not only comparative neurologists
terminating nerve centers of sh which are easily available
but also some psychiatrists engaged in research work on the
for analysis.
Consequently, with the establishment of the
sh brain with the idea that the study of the sh brain
doctrine of nerve components both the central and
provides not only an approach to the subject of evolution of
peripheral relation of sensory and motor components
the brain but that the analysis, as van Gehuchten (1894)
became considerably clearer even in the brains of higher
stated in his study of the brain of teleosts, of
forms.
comparatively simple brains such as those of sh, is
lt must be noted that a great contribution to the study of
conducive to the understanding of the complicated brains
sh brain was made by Ariens Kappers and his school at
of mammals.
As pioneers of this study the following
Amsterdam.
His study of the sh brain began at the
names
may be mentioned:
G. Fritsch, G. Bellonci, L.
beginning of the 20th century.
With the assistance of his
Edinger, van Gehuchten, Ramôn y Cajal, C. L. Herrick, C. J.
co-workers he made various analyses of sh brains based
Herrick, J. B. Johnston, K. Goldstein, C. U. Ariens Kappers,
on the doctrine of nerve components and thereby established
etc.. Many of these pioneer works were focussed upon the
the foundation for his theory of neurobiotaxis.
homology of nuclei, ber tracts and structures of the sh
ln connection with the evolution of the brain, it should be
brain as well as those of mammals.
Whether or not the
mentioned here that 'a kind of teleost, a certain genera of
denomination is correct, the same nomenclatures used for
Coelacanthi which lived in the Devonian era, was caught
the mammalian brain are, in many cases, being used for
rst in 1938.
Its brain was studied by Millot and Anthony
various parts Of the Sh brain.
(1956).
its brain is very small compared with the size of