2.8.2 Below the water surface
91
2.9 Sky radiance
92
2.10 Upwelling radiance
92
3. Inverse Modeling
92
3.1 Implemented method
93
3.1.1 Curve fitting
93
3.1.2 Search algorithm
93
3.1.3 Modes of operation
94
3.2 Inversion problems
95
3.2.1 Ambiguity
95
3.2.2 Failure to converge
96
3.3 Problem solutions of WASI
96
3.3.1 Use of pre-knowledge
96
3.3.2 Adjust calculation of the residuum
96
3.3.3 Automatic determination of initial values
98
3.3.4 Initialize Simplex
101
3.3.5 Terminate search
102
4. Applications
102
4.1 Data analysis
102
4.2 Error analysis
102
4.2.1 Errors from the sensor
102
4.2.2 Errors from the model
103
4.2.3 Errors from input data
105
4.2.4 Error propagation
106
5. Conclusions
107
6. Acknowledgements
107
7 . R e f e r e n c e s
107
Chapter 5
INTEGRATION OF CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM PROCESS STUDIES AND
REMOTE SENSING
JOHN BROCK, KIMBERLY YATES AND ROBERT HALLEY
1. Introduction
111
1.1 Objectives
112
2. Rationale
112
3. A Conceptual Model for the Use of Remote Sensing in Reef Metabolic
S t u d i e s
114
3.1 Remote sensing of reef system structure
115
3.2 Metabolism and coral reef geomorphology
115
3.3 Remote sensing of reef system zones
116
3.4 Mapping intra-zone benthic biotopes
118
3.5 Remote sensing of the reef system environment
119
4. Scaling up coral reef metabolism using remote sensing: a case study
121
4.1 Biotope mapping
122
4.2 Benthic process measurements
123
4.3 Calculation of landscape metabolism
124
5. Discussion
125
6. Conclusions
126
7. Acknowledgements
127
Table of Contents
8 . R e f e r e n c e s
127
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