SOCCR (2007) King AW et al (eds) The First state of the carbon cycle report (SOCCR): the
North American carbon budget and implications for the global carbon cycle. US Climate
Change Science Program, Washington, p 19
Sun G, Caldwell P, Noormets A, McNulty SG, Cohen E, Moore Myers J, Domec J-C, Treasure E,
Mu Q, Xiao J, John R, Chen J (2011) Upscaling key ecosystem functions across the
conterminous United States by a water-centric ecosystem model. J Geophys Res Biogeosci
116:G00J05. doi:10.1029/2010JG001573
Tans PP, Fung IY, Takahashi T (1990) Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO 2
budget. Science 247:1431–1438
Wan Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li Z-L (2002) Validation of the land-surface temperature products
retrieved from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. Remote Sens
Environ 83:163–180
Waring RH, Franklin JF (1979) Evergreen coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Science
204:1380–1386
Wiedinmyer C, Neff JC (2007) Estimates of CO 2 from fires in the United States: implications for
carbon management. Carbon Balance Manag 2. doi:10.1186/1750-0680-2-10
Wofsy SC, Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan S-M, Bakwin PS, Daube BC, Bassow SL, Bazzaz FA
(1993) Net exchange of CO 2 in a mid-latitude forest. Science 260:1314–1317
Xiao J, Moody A (2004) Photosynthetic activity of US biomes: responses to the spatial variability
and seasonality of precipitation and temperature. Glob Change Biol 10:437–451
Xiao J, Moody A (2005) A comparison of methods for estimating fractional green vegetation
cover within a dsert-to-upland transition zone in central New Mexico, USA. Remote Sens
Environ 98:237–250
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Liang E, McGuire AD, Moody A, Kicklighter DW, Melillo JM (2009)
Twentieth century droughts and their impacts on terrestrial carbon cycling in China. Earth
Interact 13(010):1–31. doi:10.1175/2009EI275.1
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Baldocchi DD, Law BE, Richardson AD, Chen J, Oren R, Starr G, Noormets
A, Ma S, Verma SB, Wharton S, Wofsy SC, Bolstad PV, Burns SP, Cook DR, Curtis PS,
Drake BG, Falk M, Fischer ML, Foster DR, Gu L, Hadley JL, Hollinger DY, Katul GG,
Litvak M, Martin TA, Matamala R, McNulty S, Meyers TP, Monson RK, Munger JW, Oechel
WC, Paw UKT, Schmid HP, Scott RL, Sun G, Suyker AE, Torn MS (2008) Estimation of net
ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and
AmeriFlux data. Agric For Meteorol 148:1827–1847. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.015
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Law BE, Chen J, Baldocchi DD, Cook DR, Oren R, Richardson AD, Wharton
S, Ma S, Martin TA, Verma SB, Suyker AE, Scott RL, Monson RK, Litvak M, Hollinger DY,
Sun G, Davis KJ, Bolstad PV, Burns SP, Curtis PS, Drake BG, Falk M, Fischer ML, Foster
DR, Gu L, Hadley JL, Katul GG, Matamala R, McNulty S, Meyers TP, Munger JW, Noormets
A, Oechel WC, Paw UKT, Schmid HP, Starr G, Torn MS, Wofsy SC (2010) A continuous
measure of gross primary production for the conterminous U.S. derived from MODIS and
AmeriFlux data. Remote Sens Environ 114:576–591. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.10.013
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Law BE, Baldocchi DD, Chen J, Richardson AD, Melillo JM, Davis KJ,
Hollinger DY, Wharton S, Oren R, Noormets A, Fischer ML, Verma SB, Cook DR, Sun G,
McNulty S, Wofsy SC, Bolstad PV, Burns SP, Curtis PS, Drake BG, Falk M, Foster DR, Gu
L, Hadley JL, Katul GG, Litvak M, Ma S, Martin TA, Matamala R, Meyers TP, Monson RK,
Munger JW, Oechel WC, Paw UKT, Schmid HP, Scott RL, Starr G, Suyker AE, Torn MS
(2011a) Assessing Net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by
integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations. Agric For Meteorol
151:60–69. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.002
Xiao J, Davis KJ, Urban NM, Keller K, Saliendra NZ (2011b) Upscaling carbon fluxes from
towers to the regional scale: influence of parameter variability and land cover representation
on regional flux estimates. J Geophys Res 116:G00J06. doi:10.1029/2010JG001568
Xiao J, Chen J, Davis KJ, Reichstein M (2012) Advances in upscaling of eddy covariance
measurements of carbon and water fluxes. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 117:G00J01.
doi:10.1029/2011JG001889
168
J. Xiao
North American carbon budget and implications for the global carbon cycle. US Climate
Change Science Program, Washington, p 19
Sun G, Caldwell P, Noormets A, McNulty SG, Cohen E, Moore Myers J, Domec J-C, Treasure E,
Mu Q, Xiao J, John R, Chen J (2011) Upscaling key ecosystem functions across the
conterminous United States by a water-centric ecosystem model. J Geophys Res Biogeosci
116:G00J05. doi:10.1029/2010JG001573
Tans PP, Fung IY, Takahashi T (1990) Observational constraints on the global atmospheric CO 2
budget. Science 247:1431–1438
Wan Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li Z-L (2002) Validation of the land-surface temperature products
retrieved from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. Remote Sens
Environ 83:163–180
Waring RH, Franklin JF (1979) Evergreen coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest. Science
204:1380–1386
Wiedinmyer C, Neff JC (2007) Estimates of CO 2 from fires in the United States: implications for
carbon management. Carbon Balance Manag 2. doi:10.1186/1750-0680-2-10
Wofsy SC, Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan S-M, Bakwin PS, Daube BC, Bassow SL, Bazzaz FA
(1993) Net exchange of CO 2 in a mid-latitude forest. Science 260:1314–1317
Xiao J, Moody A (2004) Photosynthetic activity of US biomes: responses to the spatial variability
and seasonality of precipitation and temperature. Glob Change Biol 10:437–451
Xiao J, Moody A (2005) A comparison of methods for estimating fractional green vegetation
cover within a dsert-to-upland transition zone in central New Mexico, USA. Remote Sens
Environ 98:237–250
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Liang E, McGuire AD, Moody A, Kicklighter DW, Melillo JM (2009)
Twentieth century droughts and their impacts on terrestrial carbon cycling in China. Earth
Interact 13(010):1–31. doi:10.1175/2009EI275.1
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Baldocchi DD, Law BE, Richardson AD, Chen J, Oren R, Starr G, Noormets
A, Ma S, Verma SB, Wharton S, Wofsy SC, Bolstad PV, Burns SP, Cook DR, Curtis PS,
Drake BG, Falk M, Fischer ML, Foster DR, Gu L, Hadley JL, Hollinger DY, Katul GG,
Litvak M, Martin TA, Matamala R, McNulty S, Meyers TP, Monson RK, Munger JW, Oechel
WC, Paw UKT, Schmid HP, Scott RL, Sun G, Suyker AE, Torn MS (2008) Estimation of net
ecosystem carbon exchange for the conterminous United States by combining MODIS and
AmeriFlux data. Agric For Meteorol 148:1827–1847. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.06.015
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Law BE, Chen J, Baldocchi DD, Cook DR, Oren R, Richardson AD, Wharton
S, Ma S, Martin TA, Verma SB, Suyker AE, Scott RL, Monson RK, Litvak M, Hollinger DY,
Sun G, Davis KJ, Bolstad PV, Burns SP, Curtis PS, Drake BG, Falk M, Fischer ML, Foster
DR, Gu L, Hadley JL, Katul GG, Matamala R, McNulty S, Meyers TP, Munger JW, Noormets
A, Oechel WC, Paw UKT, Schmid HP, Starr G, Torn MS, Wofsy SC (2010) A continuous
measure of gross primary production for the conterminous U.S. derived from MODIS and
AmeriFlux data. Remote Sens Environ 114:576–591. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.10.013
Xiao J, Zhuang Q, Law BE, Baldocchi DD, Chen J, Richardson AD, Melillo JM, Davis KJ,
Hollinger DY, Wharton S, Oren R, Noormets A, Fischer ML, Verma SB, Cook DR, Sun G,
McNulty S, Wofsy SC, Bolstad PV, Burns SP, Curtis PS, Drake BG, Falk M, Foster DR, Gu
L, Hadley JL, Katul GG, Litvak M, Ma S, Martin TA, Matamala R, Meyers TP, Monson RK,
Munger JW, Oechel WC, Paw UKT, Schmid HP, Scott RL, Starr G, Suyker AE, Torn MS
(2011a) Assessing Net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by
integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations. Agric For Meteorol
151:60–69. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.002
Xiao J, Davis KJ, Urban NM, Keller K, Saliendra NZ (2011b) Upscaling carbon fluxes from
towers to the regional scale: influence of parameter variability and land cover representation
on regional flux estimates. J Geophys Res 116:G00J06. doi:10.1029/2010JG001568
Xiao J, Chen J, Davis KJ, Reichstein M (2012) Advances in upscaling of eddy covariance
measurements of carbon and water fluxes. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 117:G00J01.
doi:10.1029/2011JG001889
168
J. Xiao