(MODIS): land remote sensing for global change research. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens
36:1228–1249
Justice CO (1986) Monitoring the Grasslands of Semiarid Africa Using NOAA AVHRR Data -
Editorial. Int J Remote Sens 7:1385–1390
Kang S, Running SW, Lim J-H, Zhao M, Park C-R, Loehman R (2003) A regional phenology
model for detecting onset of greenness in temperate mixed forests, Korea: an application of
MODIS leaf area index. Remote Sens Environ 86:232–242. doi:10.1016/S00344257(03)00103-2
Kaufman YJ, Tanre D (1992) Atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) for EOSMODIS. IEEE T Geosci Remote 30:261–270. doi:10.1109/36.134076
Knapp AK, Carter GA (1998) Variability in leaf optical properties among 26 species from a
broad range of habitats. Am J Bot 85:940–946
Knipling EB (1970) Physical and physiological basis for the reflectance of visible and nearinfrared radiation from vegetation. Remote Sens Environ 1:155–159. doi:10.1016/S00344257(70)80021-9
Kovalskyy V, Roy DP, Zhang XY, Ju J (2012) The suitability of multi-temporal web-enabled
Landsat data NDVI for phenological monitoring – a comparison with flux tower and MODIS
NDVI. Remote Sens Lett 3:325–334. doi:10.1080/01431161.2011.593581
Lee DW, O’Keefe J, Holbrook NM, Feild TS (2003) Pigment dynamics and autumn leaf
senescence in a New England deciduous forest, Eastern USA. Ecol Res 18:677–694.
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1703.2003.00588.x
Liang L, Schwartz MD (2009) Landscape phenology: an integrative approach to seasonal
vegetation dynamics. Landscape Ecol 24:465–472. doi:10.1007/s10980-009-9328-x
Liang L, Schwartz MD, Fei S (2011) Validating satellite phenology through intensive ground
observation and landscape scaling in a mixed seasonal forest. Remote Sens Environ
115:143–157. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.013
Lloyd D (1990) A phenological classification of terrestrial vegetation cover using shortwave
vegetation index imagery. Int J Remote Sens 11:2269–2279
Loveland TR, Merchant JW, Ohlen DO, Brown JF (1991) Development of a land-cover
characteristics database for the conterminous U.S. Photogram Eng Rem S 57:1453–1463
Morisette JT (2010) Toward a standard nomenclature for imagery spatial resolution. Int J Remote
Sens 31:2347–2349. doi:10.1080/01431160902994457
Morisette JT, Richardson AD, Knapp AK, Fisher JI, Graham EA, Abatzoglou J, Wilson BE,
Breshears DD, Henebry GM, Hanes JM, Liang L (2009) Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in
the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century. Front Ecol Environ
7:253–260. doi:10.1890/070217
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemani RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the
northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702. doi:10.1038/386698a0
Myneni RB, Hoffman S, Knyazikhin Y, Privette JL, Glassy J, Tian Y, Wang Y, Song X, Zhang Y,
Smith GR, Lotsch A, Friedl M, Morisette JT, Votava P, Nemani RR, Running SW (2002)
Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS
data. Remote Sens Environ 83:214–231
Ollinger SV (2011) Sources of variability in canopy reflectance and the convergent properties of
plants. New Phytol 189:375–394. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03536.x
Park K-A, Bayarsaikhan U, Kim K-R (2012) Effects of El Niño on spring phenology of the
highest mountain in North-East Asia. Int J Remote Sens 33:5268–5288. doi:10.1080/
01431161.2012.657362
Peñuelas J, Filella I (1998) Visible and near-infrared reflectance techniques for diagnosing plant
physiological status. Trends Plant Sci 3:151–156. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01213-8
Pouliot D, Latifovic R, Fernandes R, Olthof I (2011) Evaluation of compositing period and
AVHRR and MERIS combination for improvement of spring phenology detection in
deciduous forests. Remote Sens Environ 115:158–166. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.014
Reed BC, Brown JF, VanderZee D, Loveland TR, Merchant JW, Ohlen DO (1994) Measuring
phenological variability from satellite imagery. J Veg Sci 5:703–714. doi:10.2307/3235884
122
J. M. Hanes et al.
36:1228–1249
Justice CO (1986) Monitoring the Grasslands of Semiarid Africa Using NOAA AVHRR Data -
Editorial. Int J Remote Sens 7:1385–1390
Kang S, Running SW, Lim J-H, Zhao M, Park C-R, Loehman R (2003) A regional phenology
model for detecting onset of greenness in temperate mixed forests, Korea: an application of
MODIS leaf area index. Remote Sens Environ 86:232–242. doi:10.1016/S00344257(03)00103-2
Kaufman YJ, Tanre D (1992) Atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI) for EOSMODIS. IEEE T Geosci Remote 30:261–270. doi:10.1109/36.134076
Knapp AK, Carter GA (1998) Variability in leaf optical properties among 26 species from a
broad range of habitats. Am J Bot 85:940–946
Knipling EB (1970) Physical and physiological basis for the reflectance of visible and nearinfrared radiation from vegetation. Remote Sens Environ 1:155–159. doi:10.1016/S00344257(70)80021-9
Kovalskyy V, Roy DP, Zhang XY, Ju J (2012) The suitability of multi-temporal web-enabled
Landsat data NDVI for phenological monitoring – a comparison with flux tower and MODIS
NDVI. Remote Sens Lett 3:325–334. doi:10.1080/01431161.2011.593581
Lee DW, O’Keefe J, Holbrook NM, Feild TS (2003) Pigment dynamics and autumn leaf
senescence in a New England deciduous forest, Eastern USA. Ecol Res 18:677–694.
doi:10.1111/j.1440-1703.2003.00588.x
Liang L, Schwartz MD (2009) Landscape phenology: an integrative approach to seasonal
vegetation dynamics. Landscape Ecol 24:465–472. doi:10.1007/s10980-009-9328-x
Liang L, Schwartz MD, Fei S (2011) Validating satellite phenology through intensive ground
observation and landscape scaling in a mixed seasonal forest. Remote Sens Environ
115:143–157. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.013
Lloyd D (1990) A phenological classification of terrestrial vegetation cover using shortwave
vegetation index imagery. Int J Remote Sens 11:2269–2279
Loveland TR, Merchant JW, Ohlen DO, Brown JF (1991) Development of a land-cover
characteristics database for the conterminous U.S. Photogram Eng Rem S 57:1453–1463
Morisette JT (2010) Toward a standard nomenclature for imagery spatial resolution. Int J Remote
Sens 31:2347–2349. doi:10.1080/01431160902994457
Morisette JT, Richardson AD, Knapp AK, Fisher JI, Graham EA, Abatzoglou J, Wilson BE,
Breshears DD, Henebry GM, Hanes JM, Liang L (2009) Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in
the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century. Front Ecol Environ
7:253–260. doi:10.1890/070217
Myneni RB, Keeling CD, Tucker CJ, Asrar G, Nemani RR (1997) Increased plant growth in the
northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991. Nature 386:698–702. doi:10.1038/386698a0
Myneni RB, Hoffman S, Knyazikhin Y, Privette JL, Glassy J, Tian Y, Wang Y, Song X, Zhang Y,
Smith GR, Lotsch A, Friedl M, Morisette JT, Votava P, Nemani RR, Running SW (2002)
Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS
data. Remote Sens Environ 83:214–231
Ollinger SV (2011) Sources of variability in canopy reflectance and the convergent properties of
plants. New Phytol 189:375–394. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03536.x
Park K-A, Bayarsaikhan U, Kim K-R (2012) Effects of El Niño on spring phenology of the
highest mountain in North-East Asia. Int J Remote Sens 33:5268–5288. doi:10.1080/
01431161.2012.657362
Peñuelas J, Filella I (1998) Visible and near-infrared reflectance techniques for diagnosing plant
physiological status. Trends Plant Sci 3:151–156. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01213-8
Pouliot D, Latifovic R, Fernandes R, Olthof I (2011) Evaluation of compositing period and
AVHRR and MERIS combination for improvement of spring phenology detection in
deciduous forests. Remote Sens Environ 115:158–166. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2010.08.014
Reed BC, Brown JF, VanderZee D, Loveland TR, Merchant JW, Ohlen DO (1994) Measuring
phenological variability from satellite imagery. J Veg Sci 5:703–714. doi:10.2307/3235884
122
J. M. Hanes et al.