RðÀ0; lÞ is first and foremost a function of inherent hydro-optical properties
(IOPs) incorporating generally speaking coefficients of absorption, a, scattering,
b (including backscattering, b b ), direct light attenuation, c as well as the phase
functions of elastic scattering. Due to the property of additivity, inherent optical
properties, reflect in turn the composition of the aquatic medium, and hence, the
individual contribution of each CPA to the formation of the upwelling/emerging light.
In the single scattering approximation, assuming that the light fields originating
from sources of different nature can be considered as independent, the apparent
hydro-optical characteristics (R(À0,l) is one of them) are additive functions of
apparent hydro-optical characteristics arising from each type of light interaction
with the aquatic medium that is absorption/elastic scattering in a semi-infinite water
layer R e.s. , water Raman scattering R r , and fluorescence (R
f
chl и R
f
doc ), as well as of
the light interaction with the interfaces. Consequently
R À0; l
ð
Þ¼R e:s: À0; l
ð
ÞþR r À0; l
ð
ÞþR
f
chl À0; l
ð
ÞþR
f
doc À0; l
ð
ÞþR bot À0; l
ð
Þ:
(16.2)
The natural water fluorophores are first of all chlorophyll and dissolved organic
matter. Of all interface interactions, the light interaction with the bottom (R bot )
deserves particular attention in the context of the present teaching lab. The reader
interested in deeper familiarization with the light interactions at the water-air
interface is recommended to address dedicated monographs.
Earlier, a number of mathematical expressions had been suggested to relate
R e:s: ðÀ0; lÞ with the IOPs. One of them was developed for a wide range of hydrooptical conditions (i.e. values of IOPs) which practically encompasses the variety of
situations occurring in temperate surface and marine coastal waters and is valid for
solar zenith angles not exceeding ~50
:
R e:s ðÀ0Þ ¼ ð1=m 0 Þ0:319b b =a for 0 b b =a 0:25;
R e:s: ðÀ0Þ ¼ ð1=m 0 Þ½0:013 þ 0:267b b =a for 0:25 b b =a 0:50;
(16.3)
Table 16.7 Options of combinations of CPA concentrations, sun zenith angles, bottom depths and
chlorophyll fluorescence yields
Option C chl , mg/l C sm , mg/l C doc , mgC/l y 01 , degree y 02 , degree h 1 , m h 2 ,m chl, r.u.
1
0.5; 5
0.5
0.5
0
30
1
5
0.3; 3.0
2
0.5
0.5; 3
0.5
0
45
1
10
0.1; 1.0
3
0.5
0.5
0.5; 5
30
45
5
10
0.2; 2.0
4
5
0.5
0.5; 5
0
60
1
20
1.0; 1.5
5
5
0.5; 3
0.5
30
60
5
20
0.5; 2.5
6
5
0.5; 3
5
45
60
10
20
2.0; 3.0
7
0.5; 5
5
5
0
30
1
20
1.0; 3.0
8
5
0.5; 5
5
30
45
1
10
1.0; 2.0
9
10
0.5; 5
5
30
60
1
5
0.3; 4.0
10
1
0.5; 5
10
45
60
1
5
1.0; 15.0
162
16 Quantification and Analysis of the Spectral Composition
(IOPs) incorporating generally speaking coefficients of absorption, a, scattering,
b (including backscattering, b b ), direct light attenuation, c as well as the phase
functions of elastic scattering. Due to the property of additivity, inherent optical
properties, reflect in turn the composition of the aquatic medium, and hence, the
individual contribution of each CPA to the formation of the upwelling/emerging light.
In the single scattering approximation, assuming that the light fields originating
from sources of different nature can be considered as independent, the apparent
hydro-optical characteristics (R(À0,l) is one of them) are additive functions of
apparent hydro-optical characteristics arising from each type of light interaction
with the aquatic medium that is absorption/elastic scattering in a semi-infinite water
layer R e.s. , water Raman scattering R r , and fluorescence (R
f
chl и R
f
doc ), as well as of
the light interaction with the interfaces. Consequently
R À0; l
ð
Þ¼R e:s: À0; l
ð
ÞþR r À0; l
ð
ÞþR
f
chl À0; l
ð
ÞþR
f
doc À0; l
ð
ÞþR bot À0; l
ð
Þ:
(16.2)
The natural water fluorophores are first of all chlorophyll and dissolved organic
matter. Of all interface interactions, the light interaction with the bottom (R bot )
deserves particular attention in the context of the present teaching lab. The reader
interested in deeper familiarization with the light interactions at the water-air
interface is recommended to address dedicated monographs.
Earlier, a number of mathematical expressions had been suggested to relate
R e:s: ðÀ0; lÞ with the IOPs. One of them was developed for a wide range of hydrooptical conditions (i.e. values of IOPs) which practically encompasses the variety of
situations occurring in temperate surface and marine coastal waters and is valid for
solar zenith angles not exceeding ~50
:
R e:s ðÀ0Þ ¼ ð1=m 0 Þ0:319b b =a for 0 b b =a 0:25;
R e:s: ðÀ0Þ ¼ ð1=m 0 Þ½0:013 þ 0:267b b =a for 0:25 b b =a 0:50;
(16.3)
Table 16.7 Options of combinations of CPA concentrations, sun zenith angles, bottom depths and
chlorophyll fluorescence yields
Option C chl , mg/l C sm , mg/l C doc , mgC/l y 01 , degree y 02 , degree h 1 , m h 2 ,m chl, r.u.
1
0.5; 5
0.5
0.5
0
30
1
5
0.3; 3.0
2
0.5
0.5; 3
0.5
0
45
1
10
0.1; 1.0
3
0.5
0.5
0.5; 5
30
45
5
10
0.2; 2.0
4
5
0.5
0.5; 5
0
60
1
20
1.0; 1.5
5
5
0.5; 3
0.5
30
60
5
20
0.5; 2.5
6
5
0.5; 3
5
45
60
10
20
2.0; 3.0
7
0.5; 5
5
5
0
30
1
20
1.0; 3.0
8
5
0.5; 5
5
30
45
1
10
1.0; 2.0
9
10
0.5; 5
5
30
60
1
5
0.3; 4.0
10
1
0.5; 5
10
45
60
1
5
1.0; 15.0
162
16 Quantification and Analysis of the Spectral Composition