Correlation coefficient, 27, 103–105, 181,
211, 212, 214
Coupled human-environmental systems, 5, 9,
10, 12
Crown thickness, 15
Cultural heritage, 43, 49
D
Dac Lac, 202
Daily commodity consumption-based CO 2
emissions, 244, 246
Dam, 202
Da River, 201
Day River, 201, 202, 207, 210
Dead ice, 193–195
Debris cover, 174, 175, 180, 182–185,
188–191, 193, 195
Deciduous forest, 273, 276
Decision support system, 252, 259
Deforestation, 4, 5, 12, 19
Deglaciation, 174, 177, 190
Delta, 199–219
Dependent variable, 5–6, 100–101, 103, 106,
107, 308
Deposition, 191, 192, 202, 207, 210, 211, 213,
238, 311
Digital elevation model (DEM), 20, 140, 175,
179–180, 226, 231, 287
Digital image processing (DIP), 282, 288,
292, 294
Digital number (DN), 292–293
Digital orthophotos, 179, 180
Digital surface model (DSM), 179, 180
Direct emissions, 244, 246, 252, 259
Dissimilarity, 127, 206
Distributed hydro-geotechnical model,
221–238
E
Earthquake, 243, 244, 250, 260, 283
Economical change, 106
Economic models, 5, 8, 13
Edge enhancement, 288, 291–292
Electricity supply source, 250
Electric vehicle (EV), 245, 250, 252, 254, 256,
258, 259
Embodied Energy and Emission Intensity Data
(3EID), 246, 247
Emission factor, 246, 250
Energy risk, 243, 259
Energy use, 244–246
Enhancement, 242, 282, 288–293
Erbil, 41–44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55–57, 59–60
Error penalty, 268, 272
Evaporation, 27, 28, 30–32, 156
Evergreen forest, 3, 272, 273, 275, 276
Explanatory variable, 5, 99, 101, 102
Extreme weather event, 242, 243
F
Factor of safety (FS), 228
Fast Fourier transform (FFT), 291, 292
Flood, 25, 28, 30, 32, 201–202, 241–260
Flood-hazard area, 243, 244, 255
Flood risk prevention, 254–255
Flow velocity, 180–181, 193, 194
Foliage and soil water equilibrium, 302, 304,
306, 308, 310, 311, 313
G
General circulation models (GCM), 12
Generalized additive models, 5
Generalized linear models, 5
Geodetic survey, 50–52, 54
Geographic information systems (GIS), 17–32,
39, 83, 94, 96, 108, 221–238, 245,
281, 289
Geohazards, 281
Geometric correction, 286–288
Geometric distortions, 286–288
Geomorphology, 304
Glacial, 176, 179, 184, 193, 195, 297
Glacier recession, 174, 180
Glacier tongue, 174, 176–178, 182–190,
194, 195
Global environmental change, 4, 12, 14
Google Earth, 271, 274, 276, 277
Grassland ecosystems, 8
Greenhouse gases (GHGS), 242–244, 246
Grid-Cell Distributed Rainfall Runoff Model
Version 3 (CDRMV3), 222, 226, 227
Ground control pints (GCPs), 178, 179, 204,
288, 307
Ground-range, 282, 287
Gulf of Tonkin, 200, 202
Gwinnett County, 269, 272
H
Hai Hau, 202, 205, 210,
211, 213
Hai Phong, 201
Hanoi, 201
Heterogeneous landscapes, 266
316
Index
211, 212, 214
Coupled human-environmental systems, 5, 9,
10, 12
Crown thickness, 15
Cultural heritage, 43, 49
D
Dac Lac, 202
Daily commodity consumption-based CO 2
emissions, 244, 246
Dam, 202
Da River, 201
Day River, 201, 202, 207, 210
Dead ice, 193–195
Debris cover, 174, 175, 180, 182–185,
188–191, 193, 195
Deciduous forest, 273, 276
Decision support system, 252, 259
Deforestation, 4, 5, 12, 19
Deglaciation, 174, 177, 190
Delta, 199–219
Dependent variable, 5–6, 100–101, 103, 106,
107, 308
Deposition, 191, 192, 202, 207, 210, 211, 213,
238, 311
Digital elevation model (DEM), 20, 140, 175,
179–180, 226, 231, 287
Digital image processing (DIP), 282, 288,
292, 294
Digital number (DN), 292–293
Digital orthophotos, 179, 180
Digital surface model (DSM), 179, 180
Direct emissions, 244, 246, 252, 259
Dissimilarity, 127, 206
Distributed hydro-geotechnical model,
221–238
E
Earthquake, 243, 244, 250, 260, 283
Economical change, 106
Economic models, 5, 8, 13
Edge enhancement, 288, 291–292
Electricity supply source, 250
Electric vehicle (EV), 245, 250, 252, 254, 256,
258, 259
Embodied Energy and Emission Intensity Data
(3EID), 246, 247
Emission factor, 246, 250
Energy risk, 243, 259
Energy use, 244–246
Enhancement, 242, 282, 288–293
Erbil, 41–44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55–57, 59–60
Error penalty, 268, 272
Evaporation, 27, 28, 30–32, 156
Evergreen forest, 3, 272, 273, 275, 276
Explanatory variable, 5, 99, 101, 102
Extreme weather event, 242, 243
F
Factor of safety (FS), 228
Fast Fourier transform (FFT), 291, 292
Flood, 25, 28, 30, 32, 201–202, 241–260
Flood-hazard area, 243, 244, 255
Flood risk prevention, 254–255
Flow velocity, 180–181, 193, 194
Foliage and soil water equilibrium, 302, 304,
306, 308, 310, 311, 313
G
General circulation models (GCM), 12
Generalized additive models, 5
Generalized linear models, 5
Geodetic survey, 50–52, 54
Geographic information systems (GIS), 17–32,
39, 83, 94, 96, 108, 221–238, 245,
281, 289
Geohazards, 281
Geometric correction, 286–288
Geometric distortions, 286–288
Geomorphology, 304
Glacial, 176, 179, 184, 193, 195, 297
Glacier recession, 174, 180
Glacier tongue, 174, 176–178, 182–190,
194, 195
Global environmental change, 4, 12, 14
Google Earth, 271, 274, 276, 277
Grassland ecosystems, 8
Greenhouse gases (GHGS), 242–244, 246
Grid-Cell Distributed Rainfall Runoff Model
Version 3 (CDRMV3), 222, 226, 227
Ground control pints (GCPs), 178, 179, 204,
288, 307
Ground-range, 282, 287
Gulf of Tonkin, 200, 202
Gwinnett County, 269, 272
H
Hai Hau, 202, 205, 210,
211, 213
Hai Phong, 201
Hanoi, 201
Heterogeneous landscapes, 266
316
Index