Chapter 12
An Integrated Model for Assessing Carbon
Dioxide Emissions Considering Climate
Change Mitigation and Flood Risk
Adaptation Interaction
Kumiko Nakamichi, Yoshiki Yamagata, and Hajime Seya
Abstract Planning for climate change mitigation/adaptation for enhancing urban
resilience against natural disaster risks is an important issue in Japan. For such
planning to be effective, studies suggest that it is important to consider the interaction (co-benefits and trade-offs) between adaptation and mitigation measures. For
example, climate change mitigation and adaptation measures could be compatible if
our government got people to move from flood prone areas with considering urban
structure (e.g., compact city). In order to simulate the effectiveness of such interactions, we propose an integrated assessment model for carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
emissions under several urban land-use scenarios considering (i) urban form (dispersion/compact city) (ii) urban resilience (adaptation to flood risks) and (iii)
diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels at a local town
level in Tokyo. The developed model can be used to evaluate the co-benefits of both
mitigation and adaptation measures from the viewpoint of CO 2 emissions. Indirect
emissions based on households’ expenditure are also estimated in addition to direct
K. Nakamichi (*)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1
O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 125-8550, Japan
e-mail: nakamichi.kumiko@nies.go.jp
Y. Yamagata
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
e-mail: yamagata@nies.go.jp
H. Seya
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University,
1-5-1Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
e-mail: hseya@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
J. Li, X. Yang (eds.), Monitoring and Modeling of Global Changes:
A Geomatics Perspective, Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry,
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9813-6_12
241
An Integrated Model for Assessing Carbon
Dioxide Emissions Considering Climate
Change Mitigation and Flood Risk
Adaptation Interaction
Kumiko Nakamichi, Yoshiki Yamagata, and Hajime Seya
Abstract Planning for climate change mitigation/adaptation for enhancing urban
resilience against natural disaster risks is an important issue in Japan. For such
planning to be effective, studies suggest that it is important to consider the interaction (co-benefits and trade-offs) between adaptation and mitigation measures. For
example, climate change mitigation and adaptation measures could be compatible if
our government got people to move from flood prone areas with considering urban
structure (e.g., compact city). In order to simulate the effectiveness of such interactions, we propose an integrated assessment model for carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
emissions under several urban land-use scenarios considering (i) urban form (dispersion/compact city) (ii) urban resilience (adaptation to flood risks) and (iii)
diffusion of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels at a local town
level in Tokyo. The developed model can be used to evaluate the co-benefits of both
mitigation and adaptation measures from the viewpoint of CO 2 emissions. Indirect
emissions based on households’ expenditure are also estimated in addition to direct
K. Nakamichi (*)
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1
O-Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 125-8550, Japan
e-mail: nakamichi.kumiko@nies.go.jp
Y. Yamagata
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
e-mail: yamagata@nies.go.jp
H. Seya
Center for Global Environmental Research (CGER), National Institute for Environmental
Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University,
1-5-1Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8529, Japan
e-mail: hseya@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
J. Li, X. Yang (eds.), Monitoring and Modeling of Global Changes:
A Geomatics Perspective, Springer Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry,
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9813-6_12
241