defined by their identification numbers and geographical coordinates and are
located on important roads of various classes in the entire country – both in, and
outside of urban areas. Their number has increased since the first year of the
measurement in 1968, however, the original points were preserved in most cases
and many new ones were added in all cities.
The intensities were used as two different values – average and maximal road
traffic intensities. Average road traffic intensity is a sum of the measured intensities
in all points of one city core area divided by the number of the points. This value
provides a chance to compare cities with an unequal number of points where road
traffic intensities were measured. The number of points varied from 3 to more than
60. Maximum road traffic intensity is a sum of all arriving and departing vehicles to
core areas from other directions. It provides an overview of the influences of
incoming and outgoing traffic.
5.4 Method of Evaluation and Results
5.4.1 Interpretaion of Graphs of Development
of Individual Indiators
The list of analyzed indicators is in Table 5.3. The first analysis was made from
individual graphs for individual indicators and groups of cities (small, medium and
big). Graphs in Figs. 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6 are shortly summarized in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 and Figs. 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6 show great differences between periods –
before and after the year of 1990 separating the communist and democratic regimes.
The development of the average number of inhabitants (indicator 1) grew in cities
of all sizes during the communist regime and went down in cities of all sizes in the
democratic regime. One of the main reasons was that the democratic regime opened
a large work market and young women replaced/shifted from a “family life period”
to an “active work period”. These were economical reasons which had an important
social impact on society. Similar behaviour can be found in the number of inhabitants in core areas of all cities. The only difference among them is that the decline
of the population in medium cities started in 1995 unlike small and big cities where
the break occurred in 1990. It shows that changes appeared in small cities with a
substantially lower number of work opportunities and in big cities with a far larger
range of economic opportunities directly after the political change.
The positive growth of the number of inhabitants (indicator 2) lasted in all group
of cities up to 1995. Trends of five indicators (3, 4, 7, 8, 11) changed in 1990 from
growth to decline and/or stable. Transportation, indicator 9, residential, indicator
10, and recreational areas, indicator 12, grew in both periods, however, the gradient
was lower after 1990. Production area growth has not shown a significant difference
between the periods. Growth of residential, transportation, production and recreational areas was at the expense of other areas.
5 Influence of Political Regime Change to Land Use Development in Urban. . .
97
located on important roads of various classes in the entire country – both in, and
outside of urban areas. Their number has increased since the first year of the
measurement in 1968, however, the original points were preserved in most cases
and many new ones were added in all cities.
The intensities were used as two different values – average and maximal road
traffic intensities. Average road traffic intensity is a sum of the measured intensities
in all points of one city core area divided by the number of the points. This value
provides a chance to compare cities with an unequal number of points where road
traffic intensities were measured. The number of points varied from 3 to more than
60. Maximum road traffic intensity is a sum of all arriving and departing vehicles to
core areas from other directions. It provides an overview of the influences of
incoming and outgoing traffic.
5.4 Method of Evaluation and Results
5.4.1 Interpretaion of Graphs of Development
of Individual Indiators
The list of analyzed indicators is in Table 5.3. The first analysis was made from
individual graphs for individual indicators and groups of cities (small, medium and
big). Graphs in Figs. 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6 are shortly summarized in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 and Figs. 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6 show great differences between periods –
before and after the year of 1990 separating the communist and democratic regimes.
The development of the average number of inhabitants (indicator 1) grew in cities
of all sizes during the communist regime and went down in cities of all sizes in the
democratic regime. One of the main reasons was that the democratic regime opened
a large work market and young women replaced/shifted from a “family life period”
to an “active work period”. These were economical reasons which had an important
social impact on society. Similar behaviour can be found in the number of inhabitants in core areas of all cities. The only difference among them is that the decline
of the population in medium cities started in 1995 unlike small and big cities where
the break occurred in 1990. It shows that changes appeared in small cities with a
substantially lower number of work opportunities and in big cities with a far larger
range of economic opportunities directly after the political change.
The positive growth of the number of inhabitants (indicator 2) lasted in all group
of cities up to 1995. Trends of five indicators (3, 4, 7, 8, 11) changed in 1990 from
growth to decline and/or stable. Transportation, indicator 9, residential, indicator
10, and recreational areas, indicator 12, grew in both periods, however, the gradient
was lower after 1990. Production area growth has not shown a significant difference
between the periods. Growth of residential, transportation, production and recreational areas was at the expense of other areas.
5 Influence of Political Regime Change to Land Use Development in Urban. . .
97