Decreasing the Nitrogen content in the case of the apple leaves decrease F q
0 /F m
0 ,
F q
0 /F v
0 , and F v
0 /F m
0 (Cheng et al. 2000). However, the F v /F m is not clearly affected
unless the nutrition stress is critical (Baker and Rosenqvist 2004).
13.10 Conclusion
As has been noted in above-mentioned, some stresses have similar affectations on
the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. However, it is necessary to pay attention in
the modifications of the data produced by the fluorometers, because in the literature there are many ranges of the plant comfort, but the plants are living beings
and such as us, are different in the thresholds of comfort at the moment of feel the
environmental, nutrition, among others factors that can affect the photosynthetic
process, and here lies the importance to apply a analytic tool such as the chlorophyll fluorescence measurement systems and benefit that is a noninvasive tool,
being a good and remarkable attribute because its congruence to make a measurement without a stress such as measurement invasive do.
13.11 Climate Control in the Twenty-First Century,
the Reliable Way the Guarantee the Food Supply
Food security is one of main global challenges in the current century. Word
population will increase up, at least, the middle of the twenty-first century, and
demand food will rise. Moreover, problems such as climate change and pests have
a profound impact on food production. Then, it is easy to notice that traditional
agricultural scheme cannot deal with these problems and an alternative solution
has to be implemented (García-Mier et al. 2013).
Greenhouses are building structures that allow the creation of an indoor
microclimate for crop development, protecting plants from severe external climate
conditions or pest invasion. The greenhouse microclimate can be manipulated by
control actions, such as heating, ventilation, CO 2 enrichment to name a few; in
order to provide appropriate environmental conditions. These modifications imply
additional use of energy in the production process. Furthermore, it requires a
control system that minimizes the energy consumption while keeping the state
variables as close as possible to the optimum crop physiological reference. Horticulture in greenhouse conditions is a rapidly expanding interest and is consequently increasing in its economic and social importance (Kolokotsa et al. 2010).
The greenhouse climate control problem consists in the creation of a favorable
environment for crop development, looking for high yield, quality and low
operative costs. Along the time, researches have shown that this is a very difficult
task, due to the complexity of the greenhouse environment. Even small changes in
the structure or location could drastically redefine the problem. For example,
13 Instrumentation and Control to Improve the Crop Yield
385
0 /F m
0 ,
F q
0 /F v
0 , and F v
0 /F m
0 (Cheng et al. 2000). However, the F v /F m is not clearly affected
unless the nutrition stress is critical (Baker and Rosenqvist 2004).
13.10 Conclusion
As has been noted in above-mentioned, some stresses have similar affectations on
the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. However, it is necessary to pay attention in
the modifications of the data produced by the fluorometers, because in the literature there are many ranges of the plant comfort, but the plants are living beings
and such as us, are different in the thresholds of comfort at the moment of feel the
environmental, nutrition, among others factors that can affect the photosynthetic
process, and here lies the importance to apply a analytic tool such as the chlorophyll fluorescence measurement systems and benefit that is a noninvasive tool,
being a good and remarkable attribute because its congruence to make a measurement without a stress such as measurement invasive do.
13.11 Climate Control in the Twenty-First Century,
the Reliable Way the Guarantee the Food Supply
Food security is one of main global challenges in the current century. Word
population will increase up, at least, the middle of the twenty-first century, and
demand food will rise. Moreover, problems such as climate change and pests have
a profound impact on food production. Then, it is easy to notice that traditional
agricultural scheme cannot deal with these problems and an alternative solution
has to be implemented (García-Mier et al. 2013).
Greenhouses are building structures that allow the creation of an indoor
microclimate for crop development, protecting plants from severe external climate
conditions or pest invasion. The greenhouse microclimate can be manipulated by
control actions, such as heating, ventilation, CO 2 enrichment to name a few; in
order to provide appropriate environmental conditions. These modifications imply
additional use of energy in the production process. Furthermore, it requires a
control system that minimizes the energy consumption while keeping the state
variables as close as possible to the optimum crop physiological reference. Horticulture in greenhouse conditions is a rapidly expanding interest and is consequently increasing in its economic and social importance (Kolokotsa et al. 2010).
The greenhouse climate control problem consists in the creation of a favorable
environment for crop development, looking for high yield, quality and low
operative costs. Along the time, researches have shown that this is a very difficult
task, due to the complexity of the greenhouse environment. Even small changes in
the structure or location could drastically redefine the problem. For example,
13 Instrumentation and Control to Improve the Crop Yield
385