a decrease in 69.23 % of the patients associated with a significant decrease in
alanine aminotransferase liver enzyme levels.
HIV-infected individuals present a cluster of conditions that activate or injure
the vascular endothelium. The administration of folates may exert beneficial
effects on endothelial function in different populations at risk for CVD, according
to the study of Grigoletti et al. (2013) where short-term folinic acid supplementation improved vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals.
An interesting review found that lentinan, a polysaccharides from shiitake
mushrooms, is able to increase host resistance against various kinds of cancer and
infectious diseases including acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
(Rahman and Choudhury 2013). Lentinan is able to inhibit replication of Adenovirus type 12, Abelson virus and VSV- encephalitis virus. Although lentinan
itself has no ability to block HIV infection, concomitant treatment with 3
0 -azido3
0 - deoxythymidine (AZT) suppresses the surface expression of HIV antigens more
than AZT alone. Additionally, phenolic compounds represent an important natural
source of antiretrovirals for AIDS therapy due to their significant anti-HIV-1
activity and low toxicity. In a new search for potent anti-HIV-1 agents from plants,
phenolic compounds isolated from methanol (70 %) extract of Diospyros lotus
fruits were tested for anti-HIV-1 activity (Rashed et al. 2012). Gallic acid was the
most active compound against HIV-1 with Therapeutic Index (TI) value of[32.84
and the other compounds were less potent.
Other study provides evidence that Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), from Panax
ginseng C. A. Meyer, plays a critical role in ameliorating the pathogenic process of
asthmatic inflammation in mice (Jung et al. 2012). In this regard, Chinese propolis
attenuates in vivo and in vitro asthmatic reactions (Ammar et al. 2013). This
extract significantly reduced aggregation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) fluid and in lung tissues with marked dilated bronchia. Also, ethanolic extract of propolis markedly reduced serum IgE and lung mRNA levels of
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1),
and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in mice.
Table 10.1 summarizes recent studies on diet-gene expression on cancer, diabetes, obesity, and coronary and other diseases from cell, animal, and human studies.
References
Aballay LR, Eynard AR, Díaz Mdel P, Navarro A, Muñoz SE (2013) Overweight and obesity: a
review of their relationship to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in
South America. Nutr Rev 71(3):168–179
Abdollahi M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Larijani B (2012) A systematic review of in vitro studies
conducted on effect of herbal products on secretion of insulin from Langerhans islets. J Pharm
Pharm Sci 15(3):447–466
Adams LS, Phung S, Yee N, Seeram NP, Li L, Chen S (2010) Blueberry phytochemicals inhibit
growth and metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through modulation of
the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Cancer Res 70(9):3594–3605
312
R. Campos-Vega et al.
alanine aminotransferase liver enzyme levels.
HIV-infected individuals present a cluster of conditions that activate or injure
the vascular endothelium. The administration of folates may exert beneficial
effects on endothelial function in different populations at risk for CVD, according
to the study of Grigoletti et al. (2013) where short-term folinic acid supplementation improved vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals.
An interesting review found that lentinan, a polysaccharides from shiitake
mushrooms, is able to increase host resistance against various kinds of cancer and
infectious diseases including acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
(Rahman and Choudhury 2013). Lentinan is able to inhibit replication of Adenovirus type 12, Abelson virus and VSV- encephalitis virus. Although lentinan
itself has no ability to block HIV infection, concomitant treatment with 3
0 -azido3
0 - deoxythymidine (AZT) suppresses the surface expression of HIV antigens more
than AZT alone. Additionally, phenolic compounds represent an important natural
source of antiretrovirals for AIDS therapy due to their significant anti-HIV-1
activity and low toxicity. In a new search for potent anti-HIV-1 agents from plants,
phenolic compounds isolated from methanol (70 %) extract of Diospyros lotus
fruits were tested for anti-HIV-1 activity (Rashed et al. 2012). Gallic acid was the
most active compound against HIV-1 with Therapeutic Index (TI) value of[32.84
and the other compounds were less potent.
Other study provides evidence that Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), from Panax
ginseng C. A. Meyer, plays a critical role in ameliorating the pathogenic process of
asthmatic inflammation in mice (Jung et al. 2012). In this regard, Chinese propolis
attenuates in vivo and in vitro asthmatic reactions (Ammar et al. 2013). This
extract significantly reduced aggregation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) fluid and in lung tissues with marked dilated bronchia. Also, ethanolic extract of propolis markedly reduced serum IgE and lung mRNA levels of
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1),
and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in mice.
Table 10.1 summarizes recent studies on diet-gene expression on cancer, diabetes, obesity, and coronary and other diseases from cell, animal, and human studies.
References
Aballay LR, Eynard AR, Díaz Mdel P, Navarro A, Muñoz SE (2013) Overweight and obesity: a
review of their relationship to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in
South America. Nutr Rev 71(3):168–179
Abdollahi M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Larijani B (2012) A systematic review of in vitro studies
conducted on effect of herbal products on secretion of insulin from Langerhans islets. J Pharm
Pharm Sci 15(3):447–466
Adams LS, Phung S, Yee N, Seeram NP, Li L, Chen S (2010) Blueberry phytochemicals inhibit
growth and metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through modulation of
the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Cancer Res 70(9):3594–3605
312
R. Campos-Vega et al.