10.6 Other Diseases
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main (40–60 %) type of dementia. Over 25
million people suffer dementia worldwide, and this number may escalate to 75
million in the next 20–30 years. Main risk factors for dementia include genetic
factors, age, cerebrovascular disorders, and environmental factors (Cacabelos et al.
2003). Nutritional factors may also contribute to deteriorate cognition and brain
function in dementia. Some genes potentially involved in nutrigenetics may also
participate in lipid metabolism, brain function, and longevity. Novel nutraceutical
products obtained from marine sources with biotechnological procedures have
demonstrated atheroprotective properties and lipid-lowering effects, devoid of
n-Fatty acids
Lipid metabolism
SMC proliferation
Inflammation
↑PPAR ∝
↑PPAR γ
↓SREBP
↓ NF- κ B
↑PPAR γ
↓ Lipogenic enzymes
↑ Fatty acid oxidation
↓ Lipid uptake (LPL)
↓ NF- κ B
↓ VCAM -1, ICAM -1, E -selectin
↓ MCP -1
↓ TNF -α, IL -1β, IL -6, IL -8
↑ IL-10?
↓PDGF , PKC, c -fos, TGF -β, Cdk
↑ NO
Cardiovascular protection
n-Fatty acids
Lipid metabolism
SMC proliferation
Inflammation
↑PPAR ∝
↑PPAR γ
↓SREBP
↓ NF- κ B
↑PPAR γ
↓ Lipogenic enzymes
↑ Fatty acid oxidation
↓ Lipid uptake (LPL)
↓ NF- κ B
↓ VCAM -1, ICAM -1, E -selectin
↓ MCP -1
↓ TNF -α, IL -1β, IL -6, IL -8
↑ IL-10?
↓PDGF , PKC, c -fos, TGF -β, Cdk
↑ NO
n-Fatty acids
Lipid metabolism
SMC proliferation
Inflammation
↑PPAR ∝
↑PPAR γ
↓SREBP
↓ NF- κ B
↑PPAR γ
↓ Lipogenic enzymes
↑ Fatty acid oxidation
↓ Lipid uptake (LPL)
↓ NF- κ B
↓ VCAM -1, ICAM -1, E -selectin
↓ MCP -1
↓ TNF -α, IL -1β, IL -6, IL -8
↑ IL-10?
↓PDGF , PKC, c -fos, TGF -β, Cdk
↑ NO
Cardiovascular
Fig. 10.3 Possible mechanisms for cardioprotective effect of n-3 fatty acids. Cdk cyclindependent kinase; ICAM-1 intracellular adhesion molecule 1; LPL lipoprotein lipase; MCP-1
monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; NF-jB; NO nitric oxide; PDGF platelet-derived growth
factor; PKC protein kinase C; PPAR peroxisome proliferators-actived receptor; SREBP sterolresponsive-element binding protein; TGF-b transforming growth factor-b; TNF-a; and VCAM-1,
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (Adapted form Jung et al. 2008)
310
R. Campos-Vega et al.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the main (40–60 %) type of dementia. Over 25
million people suffer dementia worldwide, and this number may escalate to 75
million in the next 20–30 years. Main risk factors for dementia include genetic
factors, age, cerebrovascular disorders, and environmental factors (Cacabelos et al.
2003). Nutritional factors may also contribute to deteriorate cognition and brain
function in dementia. Some genes potentially involved in nutrigenetics may also
participate in lipid metabolism, brain function, and longevity. Novel nutraceutical
products obtained from marine sources with biotechnological procedures have
demonstrated atheroprotective properties and lipid-lowering effects, devoid of
n-Fatty acids
Lipid metabolism
SMC proliferation
Inflammation
↑PPAR ∝
↑PPAR γ
↓SREBP
↓ NF- κ B
↑PPAR γ
↓ Lipogenic enzymes
↑ Fatty acid oxidation
↓ Lipid uptake (LPL)
↓ NF- κ B
↓ VCAM -1, ICAM -1, E -selectin
↓ MCP -1
↓ TNF -α, IL -1β, IL -6, IL -8
↑ IL-10?
↓PDGF , PKC, c -fos, TGF -β, Cdk
↑ NO
Cardiovascular protection
n-Fatty acids
Lipid metabolism
SMC proliferation
Inflammation
↑PPAR ∝
↑PPAR γ
↓SREBP
↓ NF- κ B
↑PPAR γ
↓ Lipogenic enzymes
↑ Fatty acid oxidation
↓ Lipid uptake (LPL)
↓ NF- κ B
↓ VCAM -1, ICAM -1, E -selectin
↓ MCP -1
↓ TNF -α, IL -1β, IL -6, IL -8
↑ IL-10?
↓PDGF , PKC, c -fos, TGF -β, Cdk
↑ NO
n-Fatty acids
Lipid metabolism
SMC proliferation
Inflammation
↑PPAR ∝
↑PPAR γ
↓SREBP
↓ NF- κ B
↑PPAR γ
↓ Lipogenic enzymes
↑ Fatty acid oxidation
↓ Lipid uptake (LPL)
↓ NF- κ B
↓ VCAM -1, ICAM -1, E -selectin
↓ MCP -1
↓ TNF -α, IL -1β, IL -6, IL -8
↑ IL-10?
↓PDGF , PKC, c -fos, TGF -β, Cdk
↑ NO
Cardiovascular
Fig. 10.3 Possible mechanisms for cardioprotective effect of n-3 fatty acids. Cdk cyclindependent kinase; ICAM-1 intracellular adhesion molecule 1; LPL lipoprotein lipase; MCP-1
monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; NF-jB; NO nitric oxide; PDGF platelet-derived growth
factor; PKC protein kinase C; PPAR peroxisome proliferators-actived receptor; SREBP sterolresponsive-element binding protein; TGF-b transforming growth factor-b; TNF-a; and VCAM-1,
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (Adapted form Jung et al. 2008)
310
R. Campos-Vega et al.