marine aquaculture (Saborio Coze and Flores Nava 2009). As it happens in the
world directly impacts of fisheries and aquaculture are:
• Introduction of nonnative fish species
• Introduction of exogenous parasites
• Nutrient pollution
• Habitat modification
• Overcollection of wild seed stock
• Changes of food webs
• Increase of interspecific competition.
It is clear that current food productions techniques in aquaculture are good just
under financial point of view but always leave aside the environmental aspects.
The relationship between aquaculture and environment is complex specifically the
biodiversity topic. Many examples of positive and negative impacts have been
documented, however until now there is no solution which allows the development
of a relationship between food production and the environment. This solution must
be adopting a new paradigm based on ecological concepts of extreme resource
efficiency and the closing of nutrient and waste cycles, resource-use optimization
(García-Trejo and Soto-Zarazúa 2012). As can be seen, this is not an easy task
since it requires the creation of multidisciplinary teams which can see the problem
holistically and try to give a solution that benefits all parties involved in the
process.
9.2 Aquatic Biosystems from a Biology View Point
The outlook for food production and its consumption, in the early twenty-first
century, is looming unsustainable, due to the overpopulation (Ehrlich and Ehrlich
1990). The current human population already exceeds 7,000 million, with an
annual growth rate of 77 million per year, it is estimated that by 2025 will reach
8,000 million (CONAPO 2010). Nowadays food production cannot be clearly
estimated because of variation on weather conditions. This can be added to the
lack of knowledge, unsuitable technology, and lack of fertile land. Study on the
effects of limiting factors for production process and weather conditions is already
started (Parry et al. 2004). The problem is complex and is not an easy task; every
effort should be in the same way in order to reach the minimum knowledge about
production in this century. Scientific society has been trying to form multidisciplinary groups that address the problem from different perspectives. This is the
case of the Cuerpo Academico de Ingenieria de Biosistemas (CAIB), which is a
multidisciplinary group of engineers from areas such as; chemistry, biology,
molecular biology, control and automation, plant physiology, and agronomy. This
group has generated a novel working model, based on transdisciplinarity, Fig. 9.1.
The main objective is to solve three questions:
9 Aquatic Biosystems
279
world directly impacts of fisheries and aquaculture are:
• Introduction of nonnative fish species
• Introduction of exogenous parasites
• Nutrient pollution
• Habitat modification
• Overcollection of wild seed stock
• Changes of food webs
• Increase of interspecific competition.
It is clear that current food productions techniques in aquaculture are good just
under financial point of view but always leave aside the environmental aspects.
The relationship between aquaculture and environment is complex specifically the
biodiversity topic. Many examples of positive and negative impacts have been
documented, however until now there is no solution which allows the development
of a relationship between food production and the environment. This solution must
be adopting a new paradigm based on ecological concepts of extreme resource
efficiency and the closing of nutrient and waste cycles, resource-use optimization
(García-Trejo and Soto-Zarazúa 2012). As can be seen, this is not an easy task
since it requires the creation of multidisciplinary teams which can see the problem
holistically and try to give a solution that benefits all parties involved in the
process.
9.2 Aquatic Biosystems from a Biology View Point
The outlook for food production and its consumption, in the early twenty-first
century, is looming unsustainable, due to the overpopulation (Ehrlich and Ehrlich
1990). The current human population already exceeds 7,000 million, with an
annual growth rate of 77 million per year, it is estimated that by 2025 will reach
8,000 million (CONAPO 2010). Nowadays food production cannot be clearly
estimated because of variation on weather conditions. This can be added to the
lack of knowledge, unsuitable technology, and lack of fertile land. Study on the
effects of limiting factors for production process and weather conditions is already
started (Parry et al. 2004). The problem is complex and is not an easy task; every
effort should be in the same way in order to reach the minimum knowledge about
production in this century. Scientific society has been trying to form multidisciplinary groups that address the problem from different perspectives. This is the
case of the Cuerpo Academico de Ingenieria de Biosistemas (CAIB), which is a
multidisciplinary group of engineers from areas such as; chemistry, biology,
molecular biology, control and automation, plant physiology, and agronomy. This
group has generated a novel working model, based on transdisciplinarity, Fig. 9.1.
The main objective is to solve three questions:
9 Aquatic Biosystems
279