Chapter 8
Aquaculture in the Coastal Zone:
Pressures, Interactions and Externalities
David Whitmarsh
1 and Maria Giovanna Palmieri
2
Abstract This chapter focusses on the way aquaculture interacts with other users of
the coastal zone, and specifically the side effects (externalities) of these interactions.
The DPSIR (Driving forces – Pressure – State – Impact – Response) paradigm is
used here to explore the externalities problem and to suggest policy solutions. Two
aspects of the problem are considered, on the one hand those externalities generated
by coastal zone activities that affect aquaculture, and on the other those originating
from aquaculture itself. Monetary valuation is one way to assess externalities, and an
example is provided for shrimp farming in mangroves (see appendix). The benefits
and risks of different strategies for policy solutions based on assessments of externalities are discussed.
Keywords Socio-economic indicators, externalities, market failure, non-marketed
goods, property rights
8.1 Introduction
Aquaculture worldwide has grown rapidly, and while this has undoubtedly brought
benefits in the form of increased food supplies and employment creation it has also
been matched by concern over its environmental impact and sustainability.
Expansion of marine aquaculture is seen as especially problematic, not least
because it has to compete for resources and space with other coastal activities, and
the scope for conflict generated by this growing pressure is thus considerable
(Bailly and Paquotte 1996). The focus of this chapter is on the way aquaculture
interacts with other users of the coastal zone, and specifically with the question of
1
CEMARE, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Terrace, 1-8 Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1
3AE, UK. Tel: +44 (0)2392 844084; E-mail: David.Whitmarsh@port.ac.uk
2
CEMARE, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Terrace, 1-8 Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1
3AE, UK. Tel: +44 (0)2392 844036; E-mail: Gianna.Palmieri@port.ac.uk
M. Holmer et al. (eds.), Aquaculture in the Ecosystem.
251
© 2008 Springer
Aquaculture in the Coastal Zone:
Pressures, Interactions and Externalities
David Whitmarsh
1 and Maria Giovanna Palmieri
2
Abstract This chapter focusses on the way aquaculture interacts with other users of
the coastal zone, and specifically the side effects (externalities) of these interactions.
The DPSIR (Driving forces – Pressure – State – Impact – Response) paradigm is
used here to explore the externalities problem and to suggest policy solutions. Two
aspects of the problem are considered, on the one hand those externalities generated
by coastal zone activities that affect aquaculture, and on the other those originating
from aquaculture itself. Monetary valuation is one way to assess externalities, and an
example is provided for shrimp farming in mangroves (see appendix). The benefits
and risks of different strategies for policy solutions based on assessments of externalities are discussed.
Keywords Socio-economic indicators, externalities, market failure, non-marketed
goods, property rights
8.1 Introduction
Aquaculture worldwide has grown rapidly, and while this has undoubtedly brought
benefits in the form of increased food supplies and employment creation it has also
been matched by concern over its environmental impact and sustainability.
Expansion of marine aquaculture is seen as especially problematic, not least
because it has to compete for resources and space with other coastal activities, and
the scope for conflict generated by this growing pressure is thus considerable
(Bailly and Paquotte 1996). The focus of this chapter is on the way aquaculture
interacts with other users of the coastal zone, and specifically with the question of
1
CEMARE, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Terrace, 1-8 Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1
3AE, UK. Tel: +44 (0)2392 844084; E-mail: David.Whitmarsh@port.ac.uk
2
CEMARE, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Terrace, 1-8 Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1
3AE, UK. Tel: +44 (0)2392 844036; E-mail: Gianna.Palmieri@port.ac.uk
M. Holmer et al. (eds.), Aquaculture in the Ecosystem.
251
© 2008 Springer