6 Safe and Nutritious Aquaculture Produce
201
HUFA levels would produce higher n-3 HUFA levels in market sized fish. The
values found in the RAFOA trials were slightly higher than those reported for wild
salmon but lower than those reported for farmed salmon in recent published reports
(SACN/COT 2004; EFSA 2005).
By comparison, 200 g of rainbow trout, grown on FO diets, can provide ~60% of
the ISSFAL weekly recommended intake (3.5 g) of EPA + DHA and around 340 g/
week would be needed to fully meet the ISSFAL intake (Richard et al. 2006). Five
hundred and sixty grams of trout grown on 75% VO or 650 g of trout grown on
100% VO would meet the ISSFAL weekly intake value for EPA + DHA (Fig. 6.4).
However, following the FO finishing diet period 300 g of trout fed FO, 340 g of
trout previously fed 75% VO or 350 g of trout previously fed 100% VO would meet
the recommended EPA + DHA intake value (Fig. 6.4). The values of ~1.0 g EPA +
DHA/100 g wet flesh reported in the RAFOA studies are similar to recently
reported literature values (SACN/COT 2004; EFSA 2005).
For the marine species, 200 g of sea bream, grown on FO diets, can provide 35%
of the ISSFAL weekly recommended intake (3.5 g) of EPA + DHA and around 580 g/
week would be needed to fully meet the ISSFAL recommendation. Slightly more than
1 kg of sea bream grown on 60% VO or 2.3 kg of sea bream grown on 100% VO
would need to be consumed to meet the ISSFAL weekly intake value for EPA + DHA
(Fig. 6.5). Following the FO finishing diet period 800 g of sea bream fed FO would
supply the weekly intake value or 950 g of sea bream fed 60% VO or 930 g of sea
bream fed 100% VO would meet the recommended EPA + DHA intake value (Fig. 6.5).
The increase in the required consumption of fish fed FO in the post-finishing diet
period is due to the higher lipid deposition in larger bream where more of the lipid
deposited is saturates and monoenes rather than HUFA (Izquierdo et al. 2005).
0
1
2
3
4
Salmon, Fish oil
Salmon,75% VO
Salmon,100% VO
Salmon 75% VO + 24wk
Salmon 100% VO + 24wk
S a l m
o n
F i s h
o i l
S a l m
o n , 7 5 %
V O
S a l m
o n , 1 0 0 %
V O
S a l m
o n
7 5 %
V O
+
2 4 w
k
S a l m
o n
1 0 0 %
V O
+
2 4 w
k
S a l m
o n , F O
+
2 4 w
k
g DHA + EPA
Salmon, FO + 24wk
Fig. 6.3 Flesh EPA + DHA (g) in 200 g of salmon fed fish oil (FO), 75% vegetable oil (VO) or
100% VO for the whole production cycle (25 months) and following 24 weeks on a fish oil finishing diet. The dotted line shows the ISSFAL recommended intake of EPA + DHA of 3.5 g/week
201
HUFA levels would produce higher n-3 HUFA levels in market sized fish. The
values found in the RAFOA trials were slightly higher than those reported for wild
salmon but lower than those reported for farmed salmon in recent published reports
(SACN/COT 2004; EFSA 2005).
By comparison, 200 g of rainbow trout, grown on FO diets, can provide ~60% of
the ISSFAL weekly recommended intake (3.5 g) of EPA + DHA and around 340 g/
week would be needed to fully meet the ISSFAL intake (Richard et al. 2006). Five
hundred and sixty grams of trout grown on 75% VO or 650 g of trout grown on
100% VO would meet the ISSFAL weekly intake value for EPA + DHA (Fig. 6.4).
However, following the FO finishing diet period 300 g of trout fed FO, 340 g of
trout previously fed 75% VO or 350 g of trout previously fed 100% VO would meet
the recommended EPA + DHA intake value (Fig. 6.4). The values of ~1.0 g EPA +
DHA/100 g wet flesh reported in the RAFOA studies are similar to recently
reported literature values (SACN/COT 2004; EFSA 2005).
For the marine species, 200 g of sea bream, grown on FO diets, can provide 35%
of the ISSFAL weekly recommended intake (3.5 g) of EPA + DHA and around 580 g/
week would be needed to fully meet the ISSFAL recommendation. Slightly more than
1 kg of sea bream grown on 60% VO or 2.3 kg of sea bream grown on 100% VO
would need to be consumed to meet the ISSFAL weekly intake value for EPA + DHA
(Fig. 6.5). Following the FO finishing diet period 800 g of sea bream fed FO would
supply the weekly intake value or 950 g of sea bream fed 60% VO or 930 g of sea
bream fed 100% VO would meet the recommended EPA + DHA intake value (Fig. 6.5).
The increase in the required consumption of fish fed FO in the post-finishing diet
period is due to the higher lipid deposition in larger bream where more of the lipid
deposited is saturates and monoenes rather than HUFA (Izquierdo et al. 2005).
0
1
2
3
4
Salmon, Fish oil
Salmon,75% VO
Salmon,100% VO
Salmon 75% VO + 24wk
Salmon 100% VO + 24wk
S a l m
o n
F i s h
o i l
S a l m
o n , 7 5 %
V O
S a l m
o n , 1 0 0 %
V O
S a l m
o n
7 5 %
V O
+
2 4 w
k
S a l m
o n
1 0 0 %
V O
+
2 4 w
k
S a l m
o n , F O
+
2 4 w
k
g DHA + EPA
Salmon, FO + 24wk
Fig. 6.3 Flesh EPA + DHA (g) in 200 g of salmon fed fish oil (FO), 75% vegetable oil (VO) or
100% VO for the whole production cycle (25 months) and following 24 weeks on a fish oil finishing diet. The dotted line shows the ISSFAL recommended intake of EPA + DHA of 3.5 g/week