160
E.J. Cook et al.
In the late 1980s, Chile began to develop their salmon industry based on the
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, which is native to the north-east Atlantic and had
been introduced to Chile in 1935 (FAO 2006a). Since 1990, this industry has exhibited one of the highest average annual growth rates (31.4%) compared to other
countries’ aquaculture activities. The production of non-native salmonids had
reached over 550,000 t by 2004 (Buschmann et al. 2006; FAO 2006a) and the
Chilean government plans to double the production output of this species by 2013
(Ridler et al. 2006).
In the Caribbean, the four main aquaculture producers are Belize, Costa Rica,
Cuba and Honduras. In Belize and Honduras, the non-native shrimp, P. vannemei is
the dominant aquaculture species, comprising 97% and 80% respectively of the total
aquaculture production in 2004 (FAO 2006a). In Costa Rica, 18,000 t of the nonnative Nile tilapia were produced in 2004, comprising 73% of the total aquaculture
production for the country. In Cuba, the main aquaculture species is the non-native
Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, which accounts for 54% of the aquaculture
production (FAO 2006a).
In 2005, over 74% of the annual production in Latin America and the Caribbean
was attributed to non-native species (FAO 2006a; Fig. 5.2), with an economic
value of US$3.9 billion in 2004, representing 75% of the total value of aquaculture
production in the region. This production is now concentrated on non-native
Pacific Whiteleg shrimp P. vannemei (in non-Pacific countries), Atlantic S. salar
and Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, Rainbow trout O. mykiss, Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus and various carp species (Fig. 5.3).
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Pacific
whiteleg
shrimp
Atlantic
salmon
Coho
salmon
Rainbow
Trout
Common
carp
Silver carp Nile tilapia
Quantity (thousand tonnes)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Value (billion US$)
Species
Fig. 5.3 Aquaculture production of non-native species (thousand tonnes) and value (billion US$)
in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2004 (FAO 2006a)
E.J. Cook et al.
In the late 1980s, Chile began to develop their salmon industry based on the
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, which is native to the north-east Atlantic and had
been introduced to Chile in 1935 (FAO 2006a). Since 1990, this industry has exhibited one of the highest average annual growth rates (31.4%) compared to other
countries’ aquaculture activities. The production of non-native salmonids had
reached over 550,000 t by 2004 (Buschmann et al. 2006; FAO 2006a) and the
Chilean government plans to double the production output of this species by 2013
(Ridler et al. 2006).
In the Caribbean, the four main aquaculture producers are Belize, Costa Rica,
Cuba and Honduras. In Belize and Honduras, the non-native shrimp, P. vannemei is
the dominant aquaculture species, comprising 97% and 80% respectively of the total
aquaculture production in 2004 (FAO 2006a). In Costa Rica, 18,000 t of the nonnative Nile tilapia were produced in 2004, comprising 73% of the total aquaculture
production for the country. In Cuba, the main aquaculture species is the non-native
Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, which accounts for 54% of the aquaculture
production (FAO 2006a).
In 2005, over 74% of the annual production in Latin America and the Caribbean
was attributed to non-native species (FAO 2006a; Fig. 5.2), with an economic
value of US$3.9 billion in 2004, representing 75% of the total value of aquaculture
production in the region. This production is now concentrated on non-native
Pacific Whiteleg shrimp P. vannemei (in non-Pacific countries), Atlantic S. salar
and Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, Rainbow trout O. mykiss, Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus and various carp species (Fig. 5.3).
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Pacific
whiteleg
shrimp
Atlantic
salmon
Coho
salmon
Rainbow
Trout
Common
carp
Silver carp Nile tilapia
Quantity (thousand tonnes)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Value (billion US$)
Species
Fig. 5.3 Aquaculture production of non-native species (thousand tonnes) and value (billion US$)
in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2004 (FAO 2006a)