592
Glossary
Planktonic living in mid-water and not swimming suffi ciently strongly to be able
to make progress against ocean currents, essentially drifting wherever currents
might carry them
Precautionary principle states that if an action or policy has a suspected risk of
causing harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of scientifi c
consensus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not
harmful falls on those taking the action
Promontory literally a point of land projecting out into the water, described in this
volume as a projection of reef or land whose limbs form an angle of less than 90°.
Propagule a life history stage of an organism that can effectively give rise to a new
individual or individuals. Normally used for fi shes in reference to early life history
stages, including eggs and/or larvae
Protandry see hermaphroditism
Protogyny see hermaphroditism
Recruitment There are two widely applied uses of this term. (1) most commonly
it refers to the amount of fi sh added to the exploitable stock each year due to
growth and/or migration into the fi shing area. For example, the number of fi sh
that grow to become vulnerable to the fi shing gear in 1 year would be the recruitment to the fi shable population that year. This term is also used in referring to
the number of fi sh from a year class reaching a certain age. For example, all fi sh
reaching their second year would be age 2 recruits. (2) in fi sh ecology the term is
sometimes used interchangeably with settlement
Red List see IUCN
Resident aggregation (RA) this type of spawning aggregation draws individuals
from a relatively small and local area to an aggregation site, compared to a transient aggregation, following migration of a few hours or less and often lying
within the home range of the participating individuals. RAs usually (1) occur at
a specifi c time of day over numerous days, (2) last only a few hours or less, (3)
occur daily over an often lengthy reproductive period of the year, and (4) can
occur year round. A single day of spawning for an individual participating in
a resident spawning aggregation represents a small fraction of that individual’s
annual reproductive effort
Restocking the translocation of adults, or release of juveniles, to create protected breeding populations that naturally rebuild stocks in the fi shery. Restocking
should be used only as a “last resort”, such as in the case of threatened species,
and not as a substitute for a precautionary management. However, restocking fi sh
in marine waters has not yet led to documented long-term recovery of reproductive populations
Retention the ability to remain in an area, through some sort of biological or physical
mechanism
Settlement the transition of a life history stage from the planktonic to benthic
environment, as in marine fi shes, usually at the end of the larval stage
Sexual selection a type of natural selection in which the sexes acquire distinct
forms either because the members of one sex choose mates with particular
features or because in the competition for mates among the members of one sex
only those with certain traits succeed
Glossary
Planktonic living in mid-water and not swimming suffi ciently strongly to be able
to make progress against ocean currents, essentially drifting wherever currents
might carry them
Precautionary principle states that if an action or policy has a suspected risk of
causing harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of scientifi c
consensus that the action or policy is harmful, the burden of proof that it is not
harmful falls on those taking the action
Promontory literally a point of land projecting out into the water, described in this
volume as a projection of reef or land whose limbs form an angle of less than 90°.
Propagule a life history stage of an organism that can effectively give rise to a new
individual or individuals. Normally used for fi shes in reference to early life history
stages, including eggs and/or larvae
Protandry see hermaphroditism
Protogyny see hermaphroditism
Recruitment There are two widely applied uses of this term. (1) most commonly
it refers to the amount of fi sh added to the exploitable stock each year due to
growth and/or migration into the fi shing area. For example, the number of fi sh
that grow to become vulnerable to the fi shing gear in 1 year would be the recruitment to the fi shable population that year. This term is also used in referring to
the number of fi sh from a year class reaching a certain age. For example, all fi sh
reaching their second year would be age 2 recruits. (2) in fi sh ecology the term is
sometimes used interchangeably with settlement
Red List see IUCN
Resident aggregation (RA) this type of spawning aggregation draws individuals
from a relatively small and local area to an aggregation site, compared to a transient aggregation, following migration of a few hours or less and often lying
within the home range of the participating individuals. RAs usually (1) occur at
a specifi c time of day over numerous days, (2) last only a few hours or less, (3)
occur daily over an often lengthy reproductive period of the year, and (4) can
occur year round. A single day of spawning for an individual participating in
a resident spawning aggregation represents a small fraction of that individual’s
annual reproductive effort
Restocking the translocation of adults, or release of juveniles, to create protected breeding populations that naturally rebuild stocks in the fi shery. Restocking
should be used only as a “last resort”, such as in the case of threatened species,
and not as a substitute for a precautionary management. However, restocking fi sh
in marine waters has not yet led to documented long-term recovery of reproductive populations
Retention the ability to remain in an area, through some sort of biological or physical
mechanism
Settlement the transition of a life history stage from the planktonic to benthic
environment, as in marine fi shes, usually at the end of the larval stage
Sexual selection a type of natural selection in which the sexes acquire distinct
forms either because the members of one sex choose mates with particular
features or because in the competition for mates among the members of one sex
only those with certain traits succeed