591
Glossary
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature – the largest global
conservation non-governmental organization, which among other things, produces
the Red List of threatened species (www.iucnredlist.org)
Kernel, dispersal a dispersal curve (a probability density function) of propagules
formed from a spawning event at an earlier time
Lagrangian examination of a fl ow fi eld where the track of a specifi c parcel or
particle is observed as it moves through space and time. A current following
drifter is an example of Lagrangian tracking
Live reef fi sh trade the (largely) international trade in live reef fi sh for the restaurant
and live fi sh markets. The trade tends to focus on high value, luxury food fi sh,
mainly groupers but including some snappers and wrasses. The trade is largely
to satisfy the Chinese consumer market and involves a relatively low diversity
of species, a few of which can be raised by mariculture. Wild fi sh supply a large
portion of the trade (Sadovy et al. 2003 )
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) refers to the cumulative knowledge of groups’
or individuals’ practices, experiences and beliefs about their natural environment.
LEK contains empirical and conceptual aspects and is passed down over successive
generations or intra-generationally and is a dynamic state of knowledge, kept
alive in an oral form which makes it extremely fl uid and fl exible
Mariculture see aquaculture
Marine tenure locally specifi ed entitlements to marine territories and resources
claimed and exercised by the ‘guardians’ of those territories and resources
Mass spawning spawning (i.e. gamete release) by multiple males and females as
a single mass
Mesoscale “medium-scale” oceanographic features, usually ascribed to rotating
eddies that are on the order of 50–200 km across. Depending on their direction
of rotation and hemisphere of occurrence, may be cold core or warm core
Metamorphosis abrupt physical change in the transformation from the larval to
the adult condition
Near fi eld in oceanography a distance usually 1 wave length (not exactly specifi ed)
distant from a point or object
Nekton ocean life which is capable of swimming suffi ciently fast to make progress
against ocean currents
Overfi shing (biological) when fi shing effort exceeds the ability of the targeted
population to either replace itself (recruitment overfi shing) or to produce maximum
yield (growth overfi shing)
Pair-spawning spawning that typically occurs between a single male and a single
female; can produce either pelagic or demersal eggs. Occasionally the pair may
be joined by a sneak spawner
Pelagic the zone of open water not close to the bottom, including areas both above
the continental (and insular) shelves and deep ocean
Pelagic juvenile a developing life history stage, usually applied to fi shes, which
lives in open water (not benthic) but has acquired the morphology and many
characteristics of the juvenile stage, but not colouration and other characters that
are acquired once the stage has taken up residence on the bottom
Glossary
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature – the largest global
conservation non-governmental organization, which among other things, produces
the Red List of threatened species (www.iucnredlist.org)
Kernel, dispersal a dispersal curve (a probability density function) of propagules
formed from a spawning event at an earlier time
Lagrangian examination of a fl ow fi eld where the track of a specifi c parcel or
particle is observed as it moves through space and time. A current following
drifter is an example of Lagrangian tracking
Live reef fi sh trade the (largely) international trade in live reef fi sh for the restaurant
and live fi sh markets. The trade tends to focus on high value, luxury food fi sh,
mainly groupers but including some snappers and wrasses. The trade is largely
to satisfy the Chinese consumer market and involves a relatively low diversity
of species, a few of which can be raised by mariculture. Wild fi sh supply a large
portion of the trade (Sadovy et al. 2003 )
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) refers to the cumulative knowledge of groups’
or individuals’ practices, experiences and beliefs about their natural environment.
LEK contains empirical and conceptual aspects and is passed down over successive
generations or intra-generationally and is a dynamic state of knowledge, kept
alive in an oral form which makes it extremely fl uid and fl exible
Mariculture see aquaculture
Marine tenure locally specifi ed entitlements to marine territories and resources
claimed and exercised by the ‘guardians’ of those territories and resources
Mass spawning spawning (i.e. gamete release) by multiple males and females as
a single mass
Mesoscale “medium-scale” oceanographic features, usually ascribed to rotating
eddies that are on the order of 50–200 km across. Depending on their direction
of rotation and hemisphere of occurrence, may be cold core or warm core
Metamorphosis abrupt physical change in the transformation from the larval to
the adult condition
Near fi eld in oceanography a distance usually 1 wave length (not exactly specifi ed)
distant from a point or object
Nekton ocean life which is capable of swimming suffi ciently fast to make progress
against ocean currents
Overfi shing (biological) when fi shing effort exceeds the ability of the targeted
population to either replace itself (recruitment overfi shing) or to produce maximum
yield (growth overfi shing)
Pair-spawning spawning that typically occurs between a single male and a single
female; can produce either pelagic or demersal eggs. Occasionally the pair may
be joined by a sneak spawner
Pelagic the zone of open water not close to the bottom, including areas both above
the continental (and insular) shelves and deep ocean
Pelagic juvenile a developing life history stage, usually applied to fi shes, which
lives in open water (not benthic) but has acquired the morphology and many
characteristics of the juvenile stage, but not colouration and other characters that
are acquired once the stage has taken up residence on the bottom